---
title: deduction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deduction» in the school dictionary: An amount taken away from a total (a deduction from your pay). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# deduction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** your, you, Sherlock Holmes, he, tax, detective · **What happens:** take away, pay, work out, reason, know, deduct · **To what, where:** amount, total, something, facts, conclusion, 300 pounds

<!-- .vabout -->
«deduction» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deduction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/deduction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An amount taken away from a total (a deduction from your pay).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:m1:1
# text = An amount taken away from a total (a deduction from your pay).
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	total	total	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | participle |  | a amount *not said here* |  | a total |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from total=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **pay** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom pay «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Working something out by reasoning from facts you know (Sherlock Holmes's deductions).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:m2:1
# text = Working something out by reasoning from facts you know (Sherlock Holmes's deductions).
1	Working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reasoning	reason	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Sherlock	Sherlock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Holmes	Holmes	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	deductions	deduction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work out** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **reason** | gerund |  |  |  | facts |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from fact=Source |
| 3 | **know** | present | you | facts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer fact=Stimulus |
| 4 | **deduct** |  | Sherlock Holmes |  |  |  |  |  | nom deduction «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A conclusion you reach that way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:m3:1
# text = A conclusion you reach that way.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reach	reach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | you | a conclusion |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent conclusion=Beneficiary way=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the deduction of tax, he got 300 pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:x1:1
# text = After the deduction of tax, he got 300 pounds.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tax	tax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | he | 300 pounds |  |  | after the deduction of tax |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pound=Stimulus |
| 2 | **deduct** |  | tax |  |  |  |  |  | nom deduction «possession intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective made a clever deduction from the muddy boots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:x2:1
# text = The detective made a clever deduction from the muddy boots.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the detective | a clever deduction |  | the muddy boots |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset deduction=Product from boot=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By deduction, the missing number must be 7.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:x3:1
# text = By deduction, the missing number must be 7.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | must | the missing number | 7 |  |  |  | by deduction | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's a 5-point deduction for every mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:x4:1
# text = There's a 5-point deduction for every mistake.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a point deduction for every mistake |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good scientists use deduction and evidence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:x5:1
# text = Good scientists use deduction and evidence.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Good scientists | deduction and evidence |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deduction=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your deduction was correct!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deduction:x6:1
# text = Your deduction was correct!
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	deduction	deduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Your deduction |  |  |  |  | correct *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **deduct** |  | Your |  |  |  |  |  | nom deduction «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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