---
title: defect — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «defect» in the school dictionary: noun. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# defect

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** defect, fault, something, problem, 4, scratch · **What happens:** be, make, not work, not look, bear, defect · **To what, where:** fault, something, problem, body part, someone, country · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«defect» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [defect in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/defect.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:m1:1
# text = noun.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A defect is a fault or flaw that makes something not work properly or not look right.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:m1e:1
# text = A defect is a fault or flaw that makes something not work properly or not look right.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	flaw	flaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
13	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
17	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a defect | a fault or flaw |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a fault or flaw | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **work** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **look** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | right *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:m2:1
# text = noun.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A defect can be a problem in a body part that someone is born with, like a heart defect.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:m2e:1
# text = A defect can be a problem in a body part that someone is born with, like a heart defect.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a defect | a problem |  | a body part |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear** | present · passive | a problem *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
verb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:m3:1
# text = verb.
1	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To defect means to leave your country, team or side and join the other side.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:m3e:1
# text = To defect means to leave your country, team or side and join the other side.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	defect	defect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defect** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **leave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | your country and team or side |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Theme |
| 4 | **join** | present |  | the other side |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toy was sent back because of a defect in the wheel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x1:1
# text = The toy was sent back because of a defect in the wheel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send back** | past · passive |  | the toy |  |  |  | because a defect in the wheel | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every phone is tested for defects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x2:1
# text = Every phone is tested for defects.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	tested	test	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	defects	defect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | present · passive |  | every phone |  |  |  | for defects | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for defect=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Out of 200 bulbs, 4 had defects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x3:1
# text = Out of 200 bulbs, 4 had defects.
1	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	200	200	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bulbs	bulb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	defects	defect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | 4 | defects |  | 200 bulbs |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent defect=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baby was born with a small heart defect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x4:1
# text = The baby was born with a small heart defect.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past · passive |  | the baby |  |  |  | with a small heart defect | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spy defected to the other side.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x5:1
# text = The spy defected to the other side.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spy	spy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	defected	defect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defect** | participle |  | the spy *not said here* |  |  |  | to the other side | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scratch on the screen is a defect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x6:1
# text = A scratch on the screen is a defect.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scratch on the screen | a defect |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This curl was intended to conceal the blind eye, but it made the defect only more visible.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defect:x7:1
# text = This curl was intended to conceal the blind eye, but it made the defect only more visible.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	curl	curl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	intended	intend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	conceal	conceal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	defect	defect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	only	only	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	18	advmod	_	_
18	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **intend** | past · passive |  | this curl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **conceal** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the blind eye |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | past | curl | the defect |  |  |  | visible *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material defect=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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