---
title: defined — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «defined» in the school dictionary: Clear and easy to see or understand (a clearly defined edge). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# defined

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** its, rules, something, game, She · **What happens:** see, understand, define, have, state, mean · **To what, where:** meaning, limits, define, word, glossary, edges · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«defined» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [defined in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/defined.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clear and easy to see or understand (a clearly defined edge).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:m1:1
# text = Clear and easy to see or understand (a clearly defined edge).
1	Clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **understand** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **define** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having had its meaning stated exactly (a defined term).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:m2:1
# text = Having had its meaning stated exactly (a defined term).
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past |  | its meaning |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient |
| 3 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  | its meaning *not said here* |  |  |  | exactly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **define** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **mean** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a value or meaning according to the rules (Dividing by zero is not defined).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:m3:1
# text = Having a value or meaning according to the rules (Dividing by zero is not defined).
1	Having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	aux	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	case	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Dividing	divide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	zero	zero	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	obl	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | accord the rules | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **divide** | gerund | the rules *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by zero | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by zero=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **not** **define** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP» |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past form of define: to say exactly what something means or to show clearly its limits.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:m4:1
# text = Past form of define: to say exactly what something means or to show clearly its limits.
1	Past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	define	define	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	obj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nsubj	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
15	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	limits	limit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | something *not said here* | define's limits |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent limit=Recipient |
| 4 | **form** |  |  | define |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word was defined in the glossary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x1:1
# text = The word was defined in the glossary.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	glossary	glossary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **define** | past · passive |  | the word |  | the glossary |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The edges of the shadow were clearly defined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x2:1
# text = The edges of the shadow were clearly defined.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **define** | past · passive |  | the edges of the shadow |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, 5 ÷ 0 is not defined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x3:1
# text = In maths, 5 ÷ 0 is not defined.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	÷	÷	SYM	SYM	_	6	case	_	_
6	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **define** | present · passive |  | 5 ÷ 0 |  | maths |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rules of the game were well defined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x4:1
# text = The rules of the game were well defined.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **define** | past · passive |  | the rules of the game |  |  |  | well *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the game |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His muscles were defined after months of training.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x5:1
# text = His muscles were defined after months of training.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **define** | past · passive |  | His muscles |  |  | month |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She defined «habitat» for the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x6:1
# text = She defined «habitat» for the class.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	defined	define	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	habitat	habitat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **define** | past | She | habitat |  |  |  | for the class | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent habitat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The many delicate forms concealed in summer by luxuriant foliage, were now clearly defined, and looked like glittering lace-work.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:defined:x7:1
# text = The many delicate forms concealed in summer by luxuriant foliage, were now clearly defined, and looked like glittering lace-work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	delicate	delicate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	luxuriant	luxuriant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
14	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
19	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	glittering	glitter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
21	lace	lace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | participle |  | the many delicate forms *not said here* |  |  | summer | by luxuriant foliage | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by foliage=Location |
| 2 | **define** | past · passive |  | the many delicate forms |  |  | now | clearly *property* | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **look** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **glitter** | gerund |  | lace work |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent work=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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