---
title: deflation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deflation» in the school dictionary: Letting the air or gas out of something, so it gets smaller and softer: «the deflation of a tyre». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/deflation/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / deflation

# deflation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** gas, slow deflation, party, Deflation, prices, Japan · **What happens:** let, get, deflate, sense, say, inflate · **To what, where:** air, something, deflation, tyre, cheating scandal, bouncy castle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«deflation» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deflation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/deflation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Letting the air or gas out of something, so it gets smaller and softer: «the deflation of a tyre».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:m1:1
# text = Letting the air or gas out of something, so it gets smaller and softer: «the deflation of a tyre».
1	Letting	let	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	softer	soft	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | gerund |  | the air or gas |  | something |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present | gas | the deflation of a tyre |  |  |  | small *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **deflate** *in a quote* |  |  | a tyre |  |  |  |  | nom deflation «process transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: economics, money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A general fall in prices in a country over time, the opposite of inflation.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:m2:1
# text = A general fall in prices in a country over time, the opposite of inflation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	inflation	inflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden feeling of disappointment or loss of confidence: «a sense of deflation after the match».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:m3:1
# text = A sudden feeling of disappointment or loss of confidence: «a sense of deflation after the match».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	disappointment	disappointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	after	after	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** *in a quote* |  |  | deflation |  |  | after the match |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient after=obl |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheating scandal in which footballs were said to be under-inflated («Deflategate», USA).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:m4:1
# text = A cheating scandal in which footballs were said to be under-inflated («Deflategate», USA).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	scandal	scandal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	6	det	_	_
6	footballs	football	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	inflated	inflate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Deflategate	Deflategate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | a cheating scandal in which footballs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **inflate** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The slow deflation of the bouncy castle meant the party was over.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:x1:1
# text = The slow deflation of the bouncy castle meant the party was over.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bouncy	bouncy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	over	over	ADV	RB	_	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the slow deflation of the bouncy castle |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the party |  |  |  |  | over *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **deflate** |  |  | the bouncy castle |  |  |  |  | nom deflation «process transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deflation means prices go down across a whole country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:x2:1
# text = Deflation means prices go down across a whole country.
1	Deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Deflation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go down** | present | prices |  |  | a whole country |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japan had years of deflation in the 1990s and 2000s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:x3:1
# text = Japan had years of deflation in the 1990s and 2000s.
1	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	1990s	1990s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	2000s	2000	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Japan |  |  | the 1990s and 2000s | year |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After losing the final, the team felt a great deflation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:x4:1
# text = After losing the final, the team felt a great deflation.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	final	final	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund | the team *not said here* | the final |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent final=Eventuality |
| 2 | **feel** | past | the team | a great deflation |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deflation=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bike tyre's deflation was caused by a tiny nail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:x5:1
# text = The bike tyre's deflation was caused by a tiny nail.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past · passive | a tiny nail | the bike tyre's deflation |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 2 | **deflate** |  | the bike tyre |  |  |  |  |  | nom deflation «process transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Economists worry about deflation as much as about inflation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deflation:x6:1
# text = Economists worry about deflation as much as about inflation.
1	Economists	economist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	worry	worry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	deflation	deflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	inflation	inflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **worry** | present | Economists | much as inflation |  |  |  | about deflation | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus what S»: agent=Experiencer about deflation=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [definitive](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/definitive/)
- next →: [deflect](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/deflect/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)