---
title: deforestation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deforestation» in the school dictionary: Deforestation is the cutting down or burning of large areas of forest, so the trees are gone and the land is used for something else. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# deforestation

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**Who acts:** Deforestation, trees, Amazon rainforest, rain, class, Planting · **What happens:** be, burn, use, destroy, shrink, add · **To what, where:** cutting, land, homes, carbon dioxide, soil, letters

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«deforestation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deforestation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/deforestation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deforestation is the cutting down or burning of large areas of forest, so the trees are gone and the land is used for something else.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:m1:1
# text = Deforestation is the cutting down or burning of large areas of forest, so the trees are gone and the land is used for something else.
1	Deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cutting	cutting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	23	obl	_	_
26	else	else	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Deforestation | the cutting |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **burn** | gerund | Deforestation *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of large areas of forest | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | the trees |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **use** | present · passive |  | the land |  |  |  | for something | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deforestation destroys the homes of orangutans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:x1:1
# text = Deforestation destroys the homes of orangutans.
1	Deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	destroys	destroy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present | Deforestation | the homes of orangutans |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Amazon rainforest is shrinking because of deforestation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:x2:1
# text = The Amazon rainforest is shrinking because of deforestation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	shrinking	shrink	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shrink** | present · progressive | the Amazon rainforest |  |  |  |  | because deforestation | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deforestation adds carbon dioxide to the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:x3:1
# text = Deforestation adds carbon dioxide to the air.
1	Deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	adds	add	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | Deforestation | carbon dioxide |  |  |  | to the air | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent dioxide=Patient to air=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After deforestation, rain washes the soil away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:x4:1
# text = After deforestation, rain washes the soil away.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	washes	wash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash away** | present | rain | the soil |  |  | after deforestation | away *property* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class wrote letters about stopping deforestation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:x5:1
# text = Our class wrote letters about stopping deforestation.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Our class | letters |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund | Our class *not said here* | deforestation |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality deforestation=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Planting trees helps undo deforestation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deforestation:x6:1
# text = Planting trees helps undo deforestation.
1	Planting	plant	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	undo	undo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	deforestation	deforestation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | gerund |  | trees |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | Planting |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **undo** | infinitive | Planting *not said here* | deforestation |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deforestation=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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