---
title: deformation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «deformation» in the school dictionary: Deformation is a change in the shape of something, for example when it is bent, squashed or stretched. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/deformation/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / deformation

# deformation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Deformation, Squeezing, bumper, spring, heat, plastic bottle · **What happens:** be, squash, stretch, become, squeeze, cause · **To what, where:** change, shape, part, wrong shape, sponge, deformation

<!-- .vabout -->
«deformation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [deformation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/deformation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deformation is a change in the shape of something, for example when it is bent, squashed or stretched.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:m1:1
# text = Deformation is a change in the shape of something, for example when it is bent, squashed or stretched.
1	Deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
13	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	16	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	bent	bent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	squashed	squash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Deformation | a change |  | the shape of something |  | for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Deformation |  |  |  |  | bent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **squash** | participle | Deformation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stretch** | participle | Deformation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deformation is a part of something that has become the wrong shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:m2:1
# text = A deformation is a part of something that has become the wrong shape.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a deformation | a part |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | present · perfect |  | the wrong shape |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Squeezing a sponge causes deformation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:x1:1
# text = Squeezing a sponge causes deformation.
1	Squeezing	squeeze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sponge	sponge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | gerund |  | a sponge |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sponge=Theme |
| 2 | **cause** | present | Squeezing | deformation |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition deformation=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car's bumper showed deformation after the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:x2:1
# text = The car's bumper showed deformation after the crash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	bumper	bumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the car's bumper | deformation |  |  | after the crash |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent deformation=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spring returns to its shape after deformation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:x3:1
# text = A spring returns to its shape after deformation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	returns	return	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | present | a spring |  |  |  | after deformation | to its shape *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to shape=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The heat caused deformation of the plastic bottle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:x4:1
# text = The heat caused deformation of the plastic bottle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the heat | deformation of the plastic bottle |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition deformation=Patient |
| 2 | **deform** |  | the plastic bottle |  |  |  |  |  | nom deformation «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great forces cause the deformation of rock layers into folds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:x5:1
# text = Great forces cause the deformation of rock layers into folds.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cause	cause	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	layers	layer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	folds	fold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Great forces | the deformation of rock layers |  | folds |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition deformation=Patient |
| 2 | **deform** |  | rock layers |  |  |  |  |  | nom deformation «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We measured the deformation of the elastic band with different weights.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:deformation:x6:1
# text = We measured the deformation of the elastic band with different weights.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	deformation	deformation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	elastic	elastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	weights	weight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | We | the deformation of the elastic band |  |  |  | with different weights | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme deformation=Value |
| 2 | **deform** |  | the elastic band |  |  |  |  |  | nom deformation «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [deform](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/deform/)
- next →: [deformed](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/deformed/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)