---
title: delude — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «delude» in the school dictionary: To delude someone means to trick them into believing something that is not true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# delude

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, fox, he, She, nobody, Advertisements · **What happens:** delude, mean, trick, believe, not be, want · **To what, where:** someone, them, something, yourself, it, whole song · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«delude» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [delude in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/delude.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To delude someone means to trick them into believing something that is not true.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:m1:1
# text = To delude someone means to trick them into believing something that is not true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	delude	delude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	believing	believe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **trick** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **believe** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 5 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To delude yourself means to believe something untrue because you want it to be true.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:m2:1
# text = To delude yourself means to believe something untrue because you want it to be true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	delude	delude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	believe	believe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
15	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | to-infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **believe** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 4 | **want** | present | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |
| 5 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't delude yourself — you can't learn the whole song in five minutes.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x1:1
# text = Don't delude yourself — you can't learn the whole song in five minutes.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	delude	delude	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **delude** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **learn** | can | you | the whole song |  |  | minute |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox deluded the crow into dropping the cheese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x2:1
# text = The fox deluded the crow into dropping the cheese.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	deluded	delude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | past | the fox | the crow |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crow=Patient |
| 2 | **drop** | gerund | the fox *not said here* | the cheese |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cheese=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was deluded into thinking he would win easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x3:1
# text = He was deluded into thinking he would win easily.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	deluded	delude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **win** | would | he |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She deluded herself that nobody had noticed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x4:1
# text = She deluded herself that nobody had noticed.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deluded	delude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | past | She | herself *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herself=Patient |
| 2 | **notice** | past · perfect | nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Advertisements can delude people into buying things they don't need.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x5:1
# text = Advertisements can delude people into buying things they don't need.
1	Advertisements	advertisement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	delude	delude	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | can | Advertisements | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **buy** | gerund | Advertisements *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **need** | present · do-support | Advertisements *= advertisement* | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king was deluded by flattering advisers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x6:1
# text = The king was deluded by flattering advisers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	deluded	delude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	flattering	flatter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	advisers	adviser	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delude** | past · passive |  | the king |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **flatter** | gerund |  | advisers |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus adviser=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘What!’ cried the King angrily, ‘have I been altogether deceived and deluded?

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delude:x7:1
# text = ‘What!’ cried the King angrily, ‘have I been altogether deceived and deluded?
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	angrily	angrily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	deceived	deceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	deluded	delude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past |  | the King |  |  |  | angrily *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Topic |
| 2 | **deceive** | present · perfect · passive |  | I |  |  |  | altogether *property* | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **delude** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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