---
title: delusional — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «delusional» in the school dictionary: A delusional person firmly believes things that are not true, even when shown clear proof, often because of an illness. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# delusional

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** delusional person, things, Delusional, doctor, patient, You · **What happens:** believe, not be, show, mean, have, say · **To what, where:** things, clear proof, unrealistic hopes, treatment, 10, person · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«delusional» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [delusional in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/delusional.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A delusional person firmly believes things that are not true, even when shown clear proof, often because of an illness.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:m1:1
# text = A delusional person firmly believes things that are not true, even when shown clear proof, often because of an illness.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	believes	believe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	even	even	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
14	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
15	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
19	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	22	case	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | a delusional person | things |  |  |  | firmly *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | participle | a delusional person *not said here* | clear proof |  |  |  | because a illness; often *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent proof=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Delusional means having very unrealistic hopes or ideas about yourself or a situation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:m2:1
# text = Delusional means having very unrealistic hopes or ideas about yourself or a situation.
1	Delusional	Delusional	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	unrealistic	unrealistic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Delusional |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Delusional *not said here* | unrealistic hopes or ideas about yourself |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the patient was delusional and needed treatment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:x1:1
# text = The doctor said the patient was delusional and needed treatment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	patient	patient	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	treatment	treatment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | the patient |  |  |  |  | delusional *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **need** | past | the doctor *not said here* | treatment |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot treatment=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You're delusional if you think we'll win 10–0!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:x2:1
# text = You're delusional if you think we'll win 10–0!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | You |  |  |  |  | delusional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **win** | future | we | 10 |  |  |  | – 0 | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 10=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The delusional king believed he could fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:x3:1
# text = The delusional king believed he could fly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | the delusional king |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fly** | could | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was delusional about how good his singing was.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:x4:1
# text = He was delusional about how good his singing was.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | about his good singing; delusional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom singing «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Illness can make a person delusional, so they need help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:x5:1
# text = Illness can make a person delusional, so they need help.
1	Illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Illness | a person |  |  |  | delusional *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset person=Product |
| 2 | **need** | present | they | help |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot help=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's delusional to think you can pass without revising.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:delusional:x6:1
# text = It's delusional to think you can pass without revising.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	delusional	delusional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	revising	revise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | delusional *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **pass** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **revise** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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