---
title: dengue — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dengue» in the school dictionary: A tropical disease spread by the bite of certain mosquitoes, causing high fever, headache and very painful muscles and joints. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dengue

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** mosquitoes, Travellers, outbreak, fever, Emptying, She · **What happens:** spread, cause, bite, use, avoid, be · **To what, where:** tropical disease, high fever, certain mosquitoes, Dengue, repellent, Dengue fever · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dengue» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dengue in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dengue.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tropical disease spread by the bite of certain mosquitoes, causing high fever, headache and very painful muscles and joints.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:m1:1
# text = A tropical disease spread by the bite of certain mosquitoes, causing high fever, headache and very painful muscles and joints.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bite	bite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
13	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	headache	headache	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | participle |  | a tropical disease *not said here* |  |  |  | by the bite of certain mosquitoes | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by bite=Location |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund |  | high fever and headache and painful muscles and joints |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition fever=Patient |
| 3 | **bite** |  |  | certain mosquitoes |  |  |  |  | nom bite «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dengue is spread by mosquitoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:x1:1
# text = Dengue is spread by mosquitoes.
1	Dengue	dengue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present · passive | mosquitoes | Dengue |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Travellers used repellent to avoid dengue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:x2:1
# text = Travellers used repellent to avoid dengue.
1	Travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	dengue	dengue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Travellers | repellent |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent repellent=Patient |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | Travellers *not said here* | dengue |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent dengue=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was an outbreak of dengue after the heavy rains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:x3:1
# text = There was an outbreak of dengue after the heavy rains.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	outbreak	outbreak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dengue	dengue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rains	rain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a outbreak of dengue |  |  | there | after the heavy rains |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dengue fever is sometimes called «breakbone fever» because it hurts so much.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:x4:1
# text = Dengue fever is sometimes called «breakbone fever» because it hurts so much.
1	Dengue	dengue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	5	advmod	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	breakbone	breakbone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fever	fever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	much	much	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | Dengue fever |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **hurt** | present | fever |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Emptying water from old tyres stops mosquitoes breeding and helps prevent dengue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:x5:1
# text = Emptying water from old tyres stops mosquitoes breeding and helps prevent dengue.
1	Emptying	empty	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tyres	tyre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	breeding	breed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
12	dengue	dengue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **empty** | gerund |  | water |  | old tyres |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent water=Theme from tyre=Source |
| 2 | **stop** | present | Emptying | mosquitoes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **breed** | gerund | Emptying *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **help** | present | Emptying *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **prevent** | infinitive | Emptying *not said here* | dengue |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dengue=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She got dengue on holiday and needed rest and fluids.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dengue:x6:1
# text = She got dengue on holiday and needed rest and fluids.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dengue	dengue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fluids	fluid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | She | dengue |  | holiday |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent dengue=Theme on holiday=Source |
| 2 | **need** | past | She *not said here* | rest and fluids |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot rest=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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