---
title: denim — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «denim» in the school dictionary: A strong cotton cloth, usually blue, used to make jeans, jackets, skirts and overalls. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# denim

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Denim, She, Wearing, you, Indigo dye · **What happens:** use, make, be, wear, call, fade · **To what, where:** jeans, clothes, favourite jacket, Denim, denim shorts, beach · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«denim» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [denim in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/denim.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong cotton cloth, usually blue, used to make jeans, jackets, skirts and overalls.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:m1:1
# text = A strong cotton cloth, usually blue, used to make jeans, jackets, skirts and overalls.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
12	jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	jackets	jacket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	skirts	skirt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	overalls	overall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | jeans and jackets and skirts and overalls |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset jeans=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: plural, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Denims: clothes, especially jeans, made of this cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:m2:1
# text = Denims: clothes, especially jeans, made of this cloth.
1	Denims	denim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | clothes and jeans *not said here* |  |  |  | of this cloth | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite jacket is made of denim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x1:1
# text = My favourite jacket is made of denim.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | My favourite jacket |  |  |  | of denim | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jeans are made of strong cotton denim.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x2:1
# text = Jeans are made of strong cotton denim.
1	Jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Jeans |  |  |  | of strong cotton denim | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Denim was first used for workers' trousers because it is tough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x3:1
# text = Denim was first used for workers' trousers because it is tough.
1	Denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	advmod	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | Denim |  |  |  | for workers's trousers; first *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for trousers=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | Denim |  |  |  |  | tough *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore denim shorts on the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x4:1
# text = She wore denim shorts on the beach.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shorts	short	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | denim shorts |  | the beach |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent short=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wearing a denim jacket with jeans is called «double denim».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x5:1
# text = Wearing a denim jacket with jeans is called «double denim».
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	csubj:pass	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund |  | a denim jacket |  |  |  | with jeans | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent jacket=Theme |
| 2 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | Wearing | double denim |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Denim fades each time you wash it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x6:1
# text = Denim fades each time you wash it.
1	Denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fades	fade	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wash	wash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fade** | present | Denim |  |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **wash** | present | you | Denim |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Indigo dye gives denim its blue colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:denim:x7:1
# text = Indigo dye gives denim its blue colour.
1	Indigo	indigo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	denim	denim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Indigo dye | denim |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent denim=Recipient colour=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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