---
title: depend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «depend» in the school dictionary: To depend on something means to change according to it: the answer depends on the numbers. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# depend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** answer, babies, Giving, you, it, we · **What happens:** depend, mean, change, be, trust, give · **To what, where:** according, them, you, more, promises · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«depend» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [depend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/depend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To depend on something means to change according to it: the answer depends on the numbers.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:m1:1
# text = To depend on something means to change according to it: the answer depends on the numbers.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	according	according	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | on something | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on something=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **change** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | according | according |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent according=Patient |
| 4 | **depend** | present | the answer |  |  |  |  | on the numbers | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on number=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To depend on someone is to need them or trust them: babies depend on their parents.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:m2:1
# text = To depend on someone is to need them or trust them: babies depend on their parents.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	need	need	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	trust	trust	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | on someone | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on someone=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | need *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **trust** | infinitive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **depend** | present | babies |  |  |  |  | on babies's parents | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on parent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Giving can make you have more or less: it depends on who gives to whom.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x1:1
# text = Giving can make you have more or less: it depends on who gives to whom.
1	Giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | can | Giving | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | infinitive | you *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient |
| 4 | **depend** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **give** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to whom=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The answer depends on how many groups there are.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x2:1
# text = The answer depends on how many groups there are.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | the answer |  |  |  |  | on many groups | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on group=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Are we going outside? It depends on the weather.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Are we going outside?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x3:1
# text = Are we going outside?
1	Are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present · progressive | we |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It depends on the weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x3:2
# text = It depends on the weather.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | It |  |  |  |  | on the weather | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on weather=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants depend on sunlight to grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x4:1
# text = Plants depend on sunlight to grow.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | Plants |  |  |  |  | on sunlight | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on sunlight=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Baby birds depend on their parents for food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x5:1
# text = Baby birds depend on their parents for food.
1	Baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	depend	depend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | Baby birds |  |  |  |  | on birds's parents; for food | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on parent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can depend on Sam; he always keeps his promises.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x6:1
# text = You can depend on Sam; he always keeps his promises.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	depend	depend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | can | You |  |  |  |  | on Sam | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on sam=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Sam | Sam's promises |  |  |  | always *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 3 | **promise** |  | Sam |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The price depends on the size of the pizza.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x7:1
# text = The price depends on the size of the pizza.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	price	price	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | the price |  |  |  |  | on the size of the pizza | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on size=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why, you know that our life depends on him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depend:x8:1
# text = Why, you know that our life depends on him.
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **depend** | present | our life |  |  |  |  | on him *= he* | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on he=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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