---
title: dependency — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dependency» in the school dictionary: Relying on someone or something to survive, cope or work: «the baby's dependency on its parents». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dependency

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** baby, state, Isle, program, piece, newborn baby · **What happens:** rely, survive, cope, work, depend, need · **To what, where:** dependency, drug, state, territory, Crown Dependency, piece

<!-- .vabout -->
«dependency» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dependency in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dependency.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Relying on someone or something to survive, cope or work: «the baby's dependency on its parents».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:m1:1
# text = Relying on someone or something to survive, cope or work: «the baby's dependency on its parents».
1	Relying	rely	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	survive	survive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	cope	cope	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rely** | gerund |  | the baby's dependency on dependency's parents |  |  |  | on someone | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on someone=Theme |
| 2 | **survive** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cope** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cope-83-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **work** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **depend** *in a quote* |  | the baby |  |  |  |  | on dependency's parents | nom dependency «state transitive»: poss=agent on=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A state of needing a drug, alcohol or a habit and finding it very hard to stop; addiction: «nicotine dependency».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:m2:1
# text = A state of needing a drug, alcohol or a habit and finding it very hard to stop; addiction: «nicotine dependency».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	needing	need	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	addiction	addiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | gerund | a state *not said here* | a drug and alcohol or a habit |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot drug=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | gerund | a state *not said here* | state |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** | to-infinitive | state *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: politics, geography — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A territory ruled by another country but not fully part of it: «The Isle of Man is a Crown Dependency».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:m3:1
# text = A territory ruled by another country but not fully part of it: «The Isle of Man is a Crown Dependency».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Isle	Isle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Man	Man	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | participle |  | a territory *not said here* |  |  |  | by another country but part of part | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the Isle of Man | a Crown Dependency |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A piece of code or a program that another program needs in order to work.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:m4:1
# text = A piece of code or a program that another program needs in order to work.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
9	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | another program | a piece of code or a program |  | order |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a piece of code or a program *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A newborn baby has total dependency on its parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:x1:1
# text = A newborn baby has total dependency on its parents.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newborn	newborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	total	total	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a newborn baby | total dependency |  |  |  | on baby's parents | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dependency=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country tried to reduce its dependency on oil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:x2:1
# text = The country tried to reduce its dependency on oil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | the country |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reduce** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the country *not said here* | country's dependency |  | oil |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer dependency=Patient |
| 3 | **depend** |  | country |  |  |  |  |  | nom dependency «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nicotine dependency makes it hard for smokers to quit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:x3:1
# text = Nicotine dependency makes it hard for smokers to quit.
1	Nicotine	nicotine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	smokers	smoker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	quit	quit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Nicotine dependency | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **quit** | to-infinitive | smokers |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jersey is a Crown Dependency, not part of the UK.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:x4:1
# text = Jersey is a Crown Dependency, not part of the UK.
1	Jersey	Jersey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jersey | a Crown Dependency |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our game would not run because a dependency was missing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:x5:1
# text = Our game would not run because a dependency was missing.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **run** | would | Our game |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | a dependency |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much dependency on calculators can make mental maths harder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dependency:x6:1
# text = Too much dependency on calculators can make mental maths harder.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dependency	dependency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	calculators	calculator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	harder	hard	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | much dependency on calculators | mental maths |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset math=Product |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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