---
title: depreciation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «depreciation» in the school dictionary: The loss of value of something as it gets older or is used, like a car being worth less each year. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/depreciation/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / depreciation

# depreciation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** loss, something, Self depreciation, you, New cars, old phone · **What happens:** get, use, be, value, compare, say · **To what, where:** something, money, yourself, fast depreciation, holidays, dollar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«depreciation» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [depreciation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/depreciation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The loss of value of something as it gets older or is used, like a car being worth less each year.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:m1:1
# text = The loss of value of something as it gets older or is used, like a car being worth less each year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
18	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
19	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	parataxis	_	_
20	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	19	advmod	_	_
21	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | the loss of value of something |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive | the loss of value of something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  | year | like a car; less, worth *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **value** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fall in the value of a country's money compared with other currencies.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:m2:1
# text = A fall in the value of a country's money compared with other currencies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	currencies	currency	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | participle |  | a country's money *not said here* |  |  |  | with other currencies | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Patient with currency=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **value** |  |  | a country's money |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying that something is of little worth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:m3:1
# text = Saying that something is of little worth.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	worth	worth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | of little worth | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Self-depreciation means running yourself down, saying that you are not very good or clever.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:m4:1
# text = Self-depreciation means running yourself down, saying that you are not very good or clever.
1	Self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	conj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	ccomp	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Self depreciation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **run down** *not said to happen* | gerund | Self depreciation *not said here* | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme yourself=Trajectory |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Self depreciation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New cars suffer fast depreciation in the first year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:x1:1
# text = New cars suffer fast depreciation in the first year.
1	New	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	suffer	suffer	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | present | New cars | fast depreciation |  |  | year |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer depreciation=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because of depreciation, Dad's old phone is worth very little.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:x2:1
# text = Because of depreciation, Dad's old phone is worth very little.
1	Because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	3	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dad's old phone |  |  |  |  | because depreciation; worth *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The depreciation of the dollar made holidays abroad dearer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:x3:1
# text = The depreciation of the dollar made holidays abroad dearer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dollar	dollar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	holidays	holiday	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	dearer	dear	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the depreciation of the dollar | holidays |  |  |  | abroad, dear *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset holiday=Product |
| 2 | **depreciate** |  |  | the dollar |  |  |  |  | nom depreciation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We worked out the depreciation of the laptop in maths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:x4:1
# text = We worked out the depreciation of the laptop in maths.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work out** | past | We | the depreciation of the laptop |  | maths |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent depreciation=Topic |
| 2 | **depreciate** |  |  | the laptop |  |  |  |  | nom depreciation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toys usually lose value, but some rare ones avoid depreciation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:x5:1
# text = Toys usually lose value, but some rare ones avoid depreciation.
1	Toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
8	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	avoid	avoid	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Toys | value |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Eventuality |
| 2 | **avoid** | present | some rare ones | depreciation |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent depreciation=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company counts depreciation on its machines every year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depreciation:x6:1
# text = The company counts depreciation on its machines every year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	counts	count	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	depreciation	depreciation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | the company | depreciation |  | company's machines | year |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent depreciation=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [depot](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/depot/)
- next →: [depress](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/depress/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)