---
title: depress — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «depress» in the school dictionary: To depress someone is to make them feel very sad and without hope. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# depress

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** key, Grey rainy days, you, bad news, driver, Losing · **What happens:** depress, be, feel, start, lose · **To what, where:** someone, button, prices, me, machine, whole team

<!-- .vabout -->
«depress» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [depress in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/depress.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To depress someone is to make them feel very sad and without hope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:m1:1
# text = To depress someone is to make them feel very sad and without hope.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	depress	depress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To depress a button, key or pedal is to press it down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:m2:1
# text = To depress a button, key or pedal is to press it down.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	depress	depress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pedal	pedal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	press	press	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	down	down	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | to-infinitive | key or pedal *not said here* | a button |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus button=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | key or pedal |  |  |  |  | press *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To depress prices, trade or wages is to make them lower or less active.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:m3:1
# text = To depress prices, trade or wages is to make them lower or less active.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	depress	depress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
3	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	wages	wage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	_
15	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | to-infinitive |  | prices and trade or wages |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus price=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | low, make *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grey, rainy days depress me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:x1:1
# text = Grey, rainy days depress me.
1	Grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	depress	depress	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | infinitive | Grey rainy days | me |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Depress the button to start the machine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:x2:1
# text = Depress the button to start the machine.
1	Depress	depress	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | imperative | you *not said here* | the button |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus button=Experiencer |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the machine |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bad news depressed the whole team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:x3:1
# text = The bad news depressed the whole team.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	depressed	depress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | past | the bad news | the whole team |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus team=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver depressed the clutch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:x4:1
# text = The driver depressed the clutch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	depressed	depress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clutch	clutch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depress** | past | the driver | the clutch |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus clutch=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm depressed sales at the seaside shops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:x5:1
# text = The storm depressed sales at the seaside shops.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	depressed	depressed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing every game started to depress him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depress:x6:1
# text = Losing every game started to depress him.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	depress	depress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | every game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |
| 2 | **start** | past | Losing |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **depress** | to-infinitive | Losing *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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