---
title: depression — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «depression» in the school dictionary: Depression is an illness of the mind that makes a person feel very sad, empty, tired or hopeless for a long time, much more than ordinary sadness; doctors and counsellors can help. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# depression

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Depression, illness, person, doctors, low air pressure, many people · **What happens:** be, make, feel, help, bring, have · **To what, where:** illness, person, hollow place, surface, area, weather · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«depression» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [depression in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/depression.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Depression is an illness of the mind that makes a person feel very sad, empty, tired or hopeless for a long time, much more than ordinary sadness; doctors and counsellors can help.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:m1:1
# text = Depression is an illness of the mind that makes a person feel very sad, empty, tired or hopeless for a long time, much more than ordinary sadness; doctors and counsellors can help.
1	Depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	hopeless	hopeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
21	for	for	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	much	much	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	conj	_	_
28	than	than	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
32	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	nsubj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	counsellors	counsellor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	_
35	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
36	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Depression | a illness |  |  |  | of the mind | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a illness | a person |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **feel** | infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **help** | can | doctors and counsellors | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent illness=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A depression is a hollow or low place in a surface.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:m2:1
# text = A depression is a hollow or low place in a surface.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	hollow	hollow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a depression | a hollow place |  | a surface |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In weather, a depression is an area of low air pressure that often brings clouds, wind and rain.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:m3:1
# text = In weather, a depression is an area of low air pressure that often brings clouds, wind and rain.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	brings	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a depression | a area |  | weather |  | of low air pressure | tree rules |
| 2 | **bring** | present | low air pressure | clouds and wind and rain |  |  |  | often *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A depression is a long time when many people have no work and little money: the Great Depression of the 1930s.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:m4:1
# text = A depression is a long time when many people have no work and little money: the Great Depression of the 1930s.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Great	Great	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Depression	Depression	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	1930s	1930	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a depression | a long time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | many people | no work and little money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle had depression, and talking to a doctor helped him get better.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:x1:1
# text = My uncle had depression, and talking to a doctor helped him get better.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | My uncle | depression |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent depression=Patient |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a doctor | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to doctor=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **help** | past | talking | uncle |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 4 | **get** | infinitive | uncle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you feel sad for a long time, tell a trusted adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:x2:1
# text = If you feel sad for a long time, tell a trusted adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  | time | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a trusted adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 3 | **trust** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A deep depression is moving in from the Atlantic, bringing rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:x3:1
# text = A deep depression is moving in from the Atlantic, bringing rain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	bringing	bring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
12	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move in** | present · progressive | a deep depression |  |  | the Atlantic |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from atlantic=Trajectory |
| 2 | **bring** | gerund | a deep depression *not said here* | rain |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain collected in a depression in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:x4:1
# text = The rain collected in a depression in the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	collected	collect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | participle |  | the rain *not said here* |  | a depression |  | in the field | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the Great Depression, many families were very poor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:x5:1
# text = During the Great Depression, many families were very poor.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Great	Great	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Depression	Depression	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | many families |  |  |  | during the Great Depression | poor *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A tropical depression can grow into a hurricane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:depression:x6:1
# text = A tropical depression can grow into a hurricane.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tropical	tropical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	depression	depression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hurricane	hurricane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | can | a tropical depression |  |  |  |  | into a hurricane *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hurricane=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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