---
title: derby — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «derby» in the school dictionary: A derby is a sports match between two local teams from the same city or area, which is often very exciting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# derby

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** derby, area, Epsom, Kentucky Derby, Manchester derby, Thousands · **What happens:** be, run, call, watch, wear, build · **To what, where:** same city, famous horse race, Derby, USA, hard round black hat, bowler hat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«derby» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [derby in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/derby.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A derby is a sports match between two local teams from the same city or area, which is often very exciting.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:m1:1
# text = A derby is a sports match between two local teams from the same city or area, which is often very exciting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	match	match	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	very	very	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	exciting	exciting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a derby |  |  | the same city or area |  | between two local teams; match *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | area |  |  |  |  | exciting, often *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A derby is a famous horse race; the Derby in England is run at Epsom, and the Kentucky Derby is in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:m2:1
# text = A derby is a famous horse race; the Derby in England is run at Epsom, and the Kentucky Derby is in the USA.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Derby	Derby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Epsom	Epsom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	Kentucky	Kentucky	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	Derby	Derby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a derby | a famous horse race |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present · passive | Epsom | the Derby in England |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the Kentucky Derby |  |  | the USA |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: USA — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A derby is a hard, round, black hat with a narrow brim, called a bowler hat in the UK.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:m3:1
# text = A derby is a hard, round, black hat with a narrow brim, called a bowler hat in the UK.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	brim	brim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	bowler	bowler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a derby | a hard round black hat |  |  |  | with a narrow brim | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a derby *not said here* | a bowler hat in the UK |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A derby is any race or contest open to many people, such as a soapbox derby or roller derby.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:m4:1
# text = A derby is any race or contest open to many people, such as a soapbox derby or roller derby.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	soapbox	soapbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	roller	roller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a derby | any race or contest |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Derby (with a capital D) is a city in England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:m5:1
# text = Derby (with a capital D) is a city in England.
1	Derby	Derby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	D	D	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Derby | a city |  | England |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Manchester derby is the biggest match of the year for our family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x1:1
# text = The Manchester derby is the biggest match of the year for our family.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Manchester	Manchester	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Manchester derby | the biggest match |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thousands watched the horses run in the Derby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x2:1
# text = Thousands watched the horses run in the Derby.
1	Thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Derby	Derby	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | Thousands |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | present | the horses |  |  | the Derby |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in derby=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa wore a derby hat in the old photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x3:1
# text = Grandpa wore a derby hat in the old photo.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | Grandpa | a derby hat |  | the old photo |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class built a car for the soapbox derby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x4:1
# text = Our class built a car for the soapbox derby.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	soapbox	soapbox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | Our class | a car |  |  |  | for the soapbox derby | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent car=Material for derby=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt plays roller derby on skates.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x5:1
# text = My aunt plays roller derby on skates.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	roller	roller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	skates	skate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | My aunt | roller derby |  | skates |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent derby=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The derby ended in a draw, two all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x6:1
# text = The derby ended in a draw, two all.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	draw	draw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	appos	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the derby |  |  | a draw |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Derby is a city in the East Midlands of England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derby:x7:1
# text = Derby is a city in the East Midlands of England.
1	Derby	derby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Midlands	Midlands	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Derby | a city |  | the East Midlands of England |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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