---
title: derivation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «derivation» in the school dictionary: The derivation of a word is where it comes from and how it was made, for example from Latin or from another English word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# derivation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** derivation, step working, Greek word, Unkind, word, you · **What happens:** be, make, show, reach, get, mean · **To what, where:** derivation, step, formula, something, source, product · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«derivation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [derivation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/derivation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The derivation of a word is where it comes from and how it was made, for example from Latin or from another English word.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:m1:1
# text = The derivation of a word is where it comes from and how it was made, for example from Latin or from another English word.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
24	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the derivation of a word |  |  |  |  | come *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | derivation |  |  |  | for example from Latin or another English word | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Material for example=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A derivation is a step-by-step working that shows how a formula or answer is reached.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:m2:1
# text = A derivation is a step-by-step working that shows how a formula or answer is reached.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	working	working	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	formula	formula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a derivation | a step |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | present | step working |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **reach** | present · passive |  | a formula or answer |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Derivation is getting something from a source, like getting a product from a plant.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:m3:1
# text = Derivation is getting something from a source, like getting a product from a plant.
1	Derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · progressive | Derivation | something |  | a source |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent something=Theme from source=Source |
| 2 | **get** | gerund |  | a product |  | a plant |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent product=Theme from plant=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The derivation of «tele» is a Greek word meaning «far».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x1:1
# text = The derivation of «tele» is a Greek word meaning «far».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	tele	tele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the derivation of tele | a Greek word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | a Greek word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Unkind» is a derivation from «kind».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x2:1
# text = «Unkind» is a derivation from «kind».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Unkind | a derivation |  | kind |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «sandwich» has an interesting derivation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x3:1
# text = The word «sandwich» has an interesting derivation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the word | a interesting derivation |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent derivation=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Show the derivation of the area formula.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x4:1
# text = Show the derivation of the area formula.
1	Show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	formula	formula	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | imperative | you *not said here* | the derivation of the area formula |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent derivation=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher wrote the derivation on the board step by step.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x5:1
# text = The teacher wrote the derivation on the board step by step.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the teacher | the derivation |  |  |  | on the board step by step | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent derivation=Theme on step=Destination |
| 2 | **step** |  | step |  |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: by=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many English words are of French derivation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x6:1
# text = Many English words are of French derivation.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Many English words |  |  |  |  | of French derivation | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The derivation of rubber from trees takes a lot of work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:derivation:x7:1
# text = The derivation of rubber from trees takes a lot of work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	derivation	derivation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | the derivation of rubber from trees | a lot of work |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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