---
title: descend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «descend» in the school dictionary: To descend is to go or come down, or to move downwards. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# descend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plane, We, you, divers, She, her · **What happens:** descend, be, come down, move, mean, come · **To what, where:** someone, family history, great great grandchild, place, large numbers, airport · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«descend» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [descend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/descend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To descend is to go or come down, or to move downwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:m1:1
# text = To descend is to go or come down, or to move downwards.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	descend	descend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	downwards	downwards	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | go *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come down** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | downwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be descended from someone means to come from them in your family history (to be their great-great-grandchild, and so on).

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:m2:1
# text = To be descended from someone means to come from them in your family history (to be their great-great-grandchild, and so on).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
19	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	grandchild	grandchild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  | someone |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: from someone=Location |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | your family history |  | from them *= they* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from they=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | their great great grandchild |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To descend on a place means to arrive there suddenly in large numbers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:m3:1
# text = To descend on a place means to arrive there suddenly in large numbers.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	descend	descend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	arrive	arrive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a place |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **arrive** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | large numbers; there |  | suddenly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane began to descend towards the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x1:1
# text = The plane began to descend towards the airport.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	descend	descend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the plane |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **descend** | to-infinitive | the plane *not said here* |  |  | the airport |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards airport=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We carefully descended the steep hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x2:1
# text = We carefully descended the steep hill.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	steep	steep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | past | We | the steep hill |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hill=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put these numbers in descending order: 3, 8, 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x3:1
# text = Put these numbers in descending order: 3, 8, 5.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	descending	descending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | this numbers |  | descending order |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent number=Theme in order=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is descended from a family of sailors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x4:1
# text = She is descended from a family of sailors.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | present · passive |  | She |  | a family of sailors |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Night descended on the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x5:1
# text = Night descended on the town.
1	Night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | participle |  | Night *not said here* |  | the town |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hundreds of fans descended on the stadium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x6:1
# text = Hundreds of fans descended on the stadium.
1	Hundreds	hundred	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stadium	stadium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | participle |  | fans *not said here* |  | the stadium |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The divers descended to the bottom of the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x7:1
# text = The divers descended to the bottom of the lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | past | the divers |  |  | the bottom of the lake |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to bottom=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She then descended from the chariot and made her reverence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descend:x8:1
# text = She then descended from the chariot and made her reverence.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	descended	descend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	reverence	reverence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **descend** | past | She |  |  | the chariot | then |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from chariot=Location |
| 2 | **make** | past | She *not said here* | her reverence |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset reverence=Product |
| 3 | **reverence** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom reverence «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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