---
title: descendant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «descendant» in the school dictionary: A person who comes later in the same family line: a child, grandchild, great-grandchild and so on. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# descendant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, She, Birds, old queen, We, Modern dogs · **What happens:** come, develop, grow out, be, have, draw · **To what, where:** same family line, animal, earlier kind, earlier thing, descendant, descendants

<!-- .vabout -->
«descendant» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [descendant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/descendant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who comes later in the same family line: a child, grandchild, great-grandchild and so on.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:m1:1
# text = A person who comes later in the same family line: a child, grandchild, great-grandchild and so on.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	grandchild	grandchild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	grandchild	grandchild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	on	on	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | a person |  |  | the same family line |  | late *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An animal or plant that has developed from an earlier kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:m2:1
# text = An animal or plant that has developed from an earlier kind.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **develop** | present · perfect · passive |  | a animal or plant |  | a earlier kind |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: subject=Product from kind=Material |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that has grown out of an earlier thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:m3:1
# text = Something that has grown out of an earlier thing.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow out** | present · perfect |  | a earlier thing |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location thing=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a descendant of Irish farmers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x1:1
# text = She is a descendant of Irish farmers.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	descendant	descendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a descendant |  |  |  | of Irish farmers | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds are descendants of dinosaurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x2:1
# text = Birds are descendants of dinosaurs.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Birds | descendants |  |  |  | of dinosaurs | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old queen had dozens of descendants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x3:1
# text = The old queen had dozens of descendants.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dozens	dozen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old queen | dozens of descendants |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dozen=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew a family tree with Great-Gran at the top and her descendants below.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x4:1
# text = We drew a family tree with Great-Gran at the top and her descendants below.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
16	below	below	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | a family tree |  | the top and Gran's descendants |  | with Great Gran | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Modern dogs are descendants of wolves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x5:1
# text = Modern dogs are descendants of wolves.
1	Modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Modern dogs | descendants |  |  |  | of wolves | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He claims to be a descendant of a famous pirate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x6:1
# text = He claims to be a descendant of a famous pirate.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	claims	claim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	descendant	descendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | a descendant |  |  |  | of a famous pirate | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Today's computers are descendants of huge early machines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x7:1
# text = Today's computers are descendants of huge early machines.
1	Today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	computers	computer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	descendants	descendant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Today's computers | descendants |  |  |  | of huge early machines | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Daedalus, a descendant of Erechtheus, was an Athenian architect, sculptor, and mechanician.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:descendant:x8:1
# text = Daedalus, a descendant of Erechtheus, was an Athenian architect, sculptor, and mechanician.
1	Daedalus	Daedalus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	descendant	descendant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Erechtheus	Erechtheus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	architect	architect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	sculptor	sculptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	mechanician	mechanician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Daedalus | a Athenian architect and sculptor and mechanician |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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