---
title: desiccation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «desiccation» in the school dictionary: The process of drying something out completely, or the state of being very dry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# desiccation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** process, Cacti, desiccation, pond, Mud cracks, Frogs · **What happens:** dry, be, live, remove, have, avoid · **To what, where:** something, things, water, food, thick skin, desiccation

<!-- .vabout -->
«desiccation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [desiccation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/desiccation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The process of drying something out completely, or the state of being very dry.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:m1:1
# text = The process of drying something out completely, or the state of being very dry.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	drying	dry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	cop	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | gerund | the process *not said here* | something |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient something=Result |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | dry *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The removal of water from food, soil or living things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:m2:1
# text = The removal of water from food, soil or living things.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	removal	removal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location |
| 2 | **remove** |  |  | water |  | food and soil |  |  | nom removal «act transitive»: of=patient from=place |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cacti have thick skin to avoid desiccation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:x1:1
# text = Cacti have thick skin to avoid desiccation.
1	Cacti	cactus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	desiccation	desiccation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Cacti | thick skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | Cacti *not said here* | desiccation |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent desiccation=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pond's desiccation left fish stranded in the mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:x2:1
# text = The pond's desiccation left fish stranded in the mud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	desiccation	desiccation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	stranded	strand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the pond's desiccation | fish |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Theme |
| 2 | **strand** | participle |  | fish *not said here* |  | the mud |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **desiccate** |  | the pond |  |  |  |  |  | nom desiccation «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Desiccation is used to preserve fruit like raisins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:x3:1
# text = Desiccation is used to preserve fruit like raisins.
1	Desiccation	desiccation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Desiccation |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **preserve** | to-infinitive |  | fruit |  |  |  | like raisins | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud cracks form during the desiccation of a lake bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:x4:1
# text = Mud cracks form during the desiccation of a lake bed.
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cracks	crack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	during	during	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	desiccation	desiccation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | Mud cracks |  |  |  | during the desiccation of a lake bed |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **desiccate** |  |  | a lake bed |  |  |  |  | nom desiccation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs must keep moist to avoid desiccation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:x5:1
# text = Frogs must keep moist to avoid desiccation.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	desiccation	desiccation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | must | Frogs |  |  |  |  | moist *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | Frogs *not said here* | desiccation |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent desiccation=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Raisins are grapes dried by desiccation in the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:desiccation:x6:1
# text = Raisins are grapes dried by desiccation in the sun.
1	Raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	grapes	grape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	desiccation	desiccation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Raisins | grapes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **dry** | participle |  | grapes *not said here* |  | the sun. |  | by desiccation | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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