---
title: despairingly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «despairingly» in the school dictionary: In a hopeless way, as if you have given up all hope. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# despairingly

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**Who acts:** you, she, He, boy · **What happens:** give up, help, cry, sit, shake, look · **To what, where:** hope, hopeless way, me, head · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«despairingly» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [despairingly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/despairingly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a hopeless way, as if you have given up all hope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:despairingly:m1:1
# text = In a hopeless way, as if you have given up all hope.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	hopeless	hopeless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | present · perfect | you | all hope |  | a hopeless way |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Help me!" she cried despairingly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:despairingly:x1:1
# text = "Help me!" she cried despairingly.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	despairingly	despairingly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | she |  |  |  |  | despairingly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sat on the step and shook his head despairingly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:despairingly:x2:1
# text = He sat on the step and shook his head despairingly.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	despairingly	despairingly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | He |  |  |  |  | on the step | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on step=Location |
| 2 | **shake** | past | He *not said here* | his head |  |  |  | despairingly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy looked despairingly at the flooded road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:despairingly:x3:1
# text = The boy looked despairingly at the flooded road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	despairingly	despairingly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	flooded	flood	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the boy |  |  |  |  | at the flooded road; despairingly *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at road=Theme |
| 2 | **flood** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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