---
title: destroyed — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «destroyed» in the school dictionary: Destroyed is the past form of destroy, which means to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# destroyed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Destroyed past form, destroy, storm, fire, wave, earthquake · **What happens:** destroy, be, mean, damage, exist, not use · **To what, where:** Destroyed past form, something, game, many houses, forest, castle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«destroyed» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [destroyed in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/destroyed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Destroyed is the past form of destroy, which means to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:m1:1
# text = Destroyed is the past form of destroy, which means to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or cannot be used.
1	Destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	destroy	destroy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	no	no	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	20	advmod	_	_
20	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Destroyed past form |  |  |  | of destroy | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the Destroyed past form |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **damage** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Destroyed past form *not said here* | something |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 5 | **exist** | present | destroy |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **use** | can · passive | destroy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, destroyed means completely ruined.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:m2:1
# text = As an adjective, destroyed means completely ruined.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	csubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	ruined	ruin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as a adjective | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **ruin** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informally, destroyed means very upset or very tired, or beaten very badly in a game.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:m3:1
# text = Informally, destroyed means very upset or very tired, or beaten very badly in a game.
1	Informally	informally	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	csubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
13	very	very	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | informally *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **beat** | participle |  |  |  | a game |  | badly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in game=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm destroyed many houses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x1:1
# text = The storm destroyed many houses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | the storm | many houses |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forest was destroyed by fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x2:1
# text = The forest was destroyed by fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past · passive | fire | the forest |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle was destroyed long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x3:1
# text = The castle was destroyed long ago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past · passive |  | the castle |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sandcastle was destroyed by a wave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x4:1
# text = My sandcastle was destroyed by a wave.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sandcastle	sandcastle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past · passive | a wave | My sandcastle |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many habitats are destroyed when forests are cut down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x5:1
# text = Many habitats are destroyed when forests are cut down.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	habitats	habitat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | present · passive |  | Many habitats |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **cut down** | present · passive |  | forests |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earthquake destroyed the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x6:1
# text = The earthquake destroyed the bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | the earthquake | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our team got destroyed 10–0.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x7:1
# text = Our team got destroyed 10–0.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	got	get	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	0	0	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past · passive |  | Our team |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somebody ought to do something, or we shall all be destroyed."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:destroyed:x8:1
# text = Somebody ought to do something, or we shall all be destroyed."
1	Somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | ought | Somebody | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **destroy** | shall · passive |  | we |  |  |  | all *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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