---
title: devanagari — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «devanagari» in the school dictionary: The writing system (script) used for Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Sanskrit and several other languages of India and Nepal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# devanagari

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** letters, classmate, Sanskrit, shop sign · **What happens:** use, write, hang, name, read, leave · **To what, where:** writing system, Hindi, Devanagari script, Devanagari, name, right

<!-- .vabout -->
«devanagari» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [devanagari in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/devanagari.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The writing system (script) used for Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Sanskrit and several other languages of India and Nepal.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:m1:1
# text = The writing system (script) used for Hindi, Marathi, Nepali, Sanskrit and several other languages of India and Nepal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Hindi	Hindi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Marathi	Marathi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	Nepali	Nepali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	Nepal	Nepal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | the writing system *not said here* |  |  |  | for Hindi and Marathi and Nepali and Sanskrit and several other languages of India and Nepal | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hindi is written in the Devanagari script.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:x1:1
# text = Hindi is written in the Devanagari script.
1	Hindi	Hindi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Devanagari	Devanagari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Hindi |  | the Devanagari script |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in script=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Devanagari, letters hang from a line across the top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:x2:1
# text = In Devanagari, letters hang from a line across the top.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Devanagari	Devanagari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	across	across	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | letters |  |  | Devanagari |  | from a line; across the top | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in devanagari=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our classmate wrote her name in Devanagari for us.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:x3:1
# text = Our classmate wrote her name in Devanagari for us.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Devanagari	Devanagari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Our classmate | classmate's name |  | Devanagari |  | for us | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in devanagari=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | classmate |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sanskrit, an ancient language, also uses Devanagari.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:x4:1
# text = Sanskrit, an ancient language, also uses Devanagari.
1	Sanskrit	Sanskrit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Devanagari	Devanagari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Sanskrit | Devanagari |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent devanagari=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Devanagari is read from left to right, like English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:x5:1
# text = Devanagari is read from left to right, like English.
1	Devanagari	devanagari	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · passive |  | Devanagari |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  | right |  | like English | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to right=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop sign was in both English and Devanagari.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devanagari:x6:1
# text = The shop sign was in both English and Devanagari.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc:preconj	_	_
7	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Devanagari	Devanagari	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the shop sign |  |  | English and Devanagari |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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