---
title: development — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «development» in the school dictionary: Development is the process of growing or changing and becoming bigger, stronger or more advanced. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# development

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Development, process, that, We, Reading, child · **What happens:** be, grow, change, become, turn, watch · **To what, where:** process, new event, situation, building, group, making

<!-- .vabout -->
«development» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [development in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/development.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Development is the process of growing or changing and becoming bigger, stronger or more advanced.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:m1:1
# text = Development is the process of growing or changing and becoming bigger, stronger or more advanced.
1	Development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
11	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	conj	_	_
16	advanced	advanced	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Development | the process |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | the process *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **change** | gerund | the process *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **become** | gerund | the process *not said here* |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A development is a new event or piece of news that changes a situation.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:m2:1
# text = A development is a new event or piece of news that changes a situation.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a development | a new event or piece of news |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | present | that | a situation |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Development is the building of new houses, roads or businesses on land; a development can also be a group of new buildings.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:m3:1
# text = Development is the building of new houses, roads or businesses on land; a development can also be a group of new buildings.
1	Development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
18	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Development | the building |  |  |  | of new houses and roads or businesses on land | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | can | a development | a group |  |  |  | of new buildings | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Development is the making of a new product or idea, such as a new game or medicine.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:m4:1
# text = Development is the making of a new product or idea, such as a new game or medicine.
1	Development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	making	making	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Development | the making |  |  |  | of a new product or idea and a new game or medicine | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: photography — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Development is the process that turns old-style film into photos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:m5:1
# text = Development is the process that turns old-style film into photos.
1	Development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Development | the process |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | the process | style film |  | photos |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent film=Theme into photo=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched the development of tadpoles into frogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x1:1
# text = We watched the development of tadpoles into frogs.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | the development of tadpoles |  |  |  | into frogs | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent development=Theme |
| 2 | **develop** |  |  | tadpoles |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading helps a child's development.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x2:1
# text = Reading helps a child's development.
1	Reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Reading | a child's development |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent development=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **develop** |  | a child |  |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There has been a new development in the missing dog case.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x3:1
# text = There has been a new development in the missing dog case.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present · perfect | a new development in the missing dog case |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A new housing development is being built near our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x4:1
# text = A new housing development is being built near our school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	housing	housing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present · passive |  | a new housing development |  | our school |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The development of the vaccine took many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x5:1
# text = The development of the vaccine took many years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the development of the vaccine |  |  |  | year |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **develop** |  |  | the vaccine |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game is still in development.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x6:1
# text = The game is still in development.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the game |  |  | development | still |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good food and sleep are important for healthy development.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x7:1
# text = Good food and sleep are important for healthy development.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Good food and sleep |  |  |  |  | for healthy development; important *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Laughing is an infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:development:x8:1
# text = Laughing is an infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development.
1	Laughing	laugh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	infallible	infallible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	highest	high	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	mental	mental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Laughing | a infallible sign |  |  |  | of the highest degree of mental development | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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