---
title: devices — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «devices» in the school dictionary: Devices are machines or tools made for a special job, especially electronic ones like phones, tablets and laptops. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# devices

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Devices, device, you, We, thermometer, Similes · **What happens:** be, make, leave, mean, let, do · **To what, where:** machines, tools, bomb, clever trick, someone, own devices · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«devices» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [devices in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/devices.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Devices are machines or tools made for a special job, especially electronic ones like phones, tablets and laptops.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:m1:1
# text = Devices are machines or tools made for a special job, especially electronic ones like phones, tablets and laptops.
1	Devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	electronic	electronic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	tablets	tablet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	laptops	laptop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Devices | machines or tools |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | tools *not said here* |  |  |  | for a special job | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for job=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A device can also be a bomb (explosive device).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:m2:1
# text = A device can also be a bomb (explosive device).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bomb	bomb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	explosive	explosive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a device | a bomb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A device can be a clever trick or method, like a memory device.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:m3:1
# text = A device can be a clever trick or method, like a memory device.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a device | a clever trick or method and a memory device |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Leave someone to their own devices» means let them do what they want without help.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:m4:1
# text = «Leave someone to their own devices» means let them do what they want without help.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	15	obj	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	ccomp	_	_
16	without	without	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | someone | their own devices |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Theme to device=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive |  | devices *= device* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | infinitive | devices *= device* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **want** | present | devices *= device* |  |  |  |  | without help | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A device can also be a decorative design or emblem, such as the badges and symbols on a shield.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:m5:1
# text = A device can also be a decorative design or emblem, such as the badges and symbols on a shield.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	decorative	decorative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	design	design	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	emblem	emblem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	badges	badge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	symbols	symbol	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a device | a decorative design or emblem and the badges on a shield and symbols |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please switch off all devices during the test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x1:1
# text = Please switch off all devices during the test.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	switch	switch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **switch off** | imperative | you *not said here* | all devices |  |  | during the test |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent device=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We use devices in the computer lesson.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x2:1
# text = We use devices in the computer lesson.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | We | devices |  | the computer lesson |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent device=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charge your devices before the trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x3:1
# text = Charge your devices before the trip.
1	Charge	charge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** | imperative | you *not said here* | your devices |  |  | before the trip |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location device=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thermometer is a device for measuring temperature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x4:1
# text = A thermometer is a device for measuring temperature.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	measuring	measure	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a thermometer | a device |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **measure** | gerund | a device *not said here* | temperature |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme temperature=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Similes and metaphors are literary devices.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x5:1
# text = Similes and metaphors are literary devices.
1	Similes	simile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	literary	literary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Similes and metaphors | literary devices |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kids were left to their own devices for an hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x6:1
# text = The kids were left to their own devices for an hour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kids	kid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the kids | kids's own devices |  | hour |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to device=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep devices out of the bedroom at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x7:1
# text = Keep devices out of the bedroom at night.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | devices |  | the bedroom | night |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent device=Theme out bedroom=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stepped into the great lofty hall, whose walls and ceilings shone with gilding and bright colors and heraldic devices.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:devices:x8:1
# text = He stepped into the great lofty hall, whose walls and ceilings shone with gilding and bright colors and heraldic devices.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ceilings	ceiling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	gilding	gilding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	colors	color	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	heraldic	heraldic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	devices	device	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **step** | past | He |  |  | the great lofty hall and the great lofty hall and the great lofty hall's walls and ceilings's walls and ceilings |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into hall=Destination |
| 2 | **shine** | participle |  | the great lofty hall and the great lofty hall and walls's walls and ceilings's walls and ceilings *not said here* |  |  |  | with gilding and bright colors and heraldic devices | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with gilding=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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