---
title: dickens — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dickens» in the school dictionary: Charles Dickens was a famous English writer of long novels, such as «Oliver Twist», «A Christmas Carol» and «Great Expectations». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dickens

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Charles, dickens, Dickens novel, class, poor children, Scrooge · **What happens:** be, use, show, mean, read, write · **To what, where:** famous English writer, gentle word, surprise, that, picture, Christmas Carol · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dickens» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dickens in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dickens.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Charles Dickens was a famous English writer of long novels, such as «Oliver Twist», «A Christmas Carol» and «Great Expectations».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:m1:1
# text = Charles Dickens was a famous English writer of long novels, such as «Oliver Twist», «A Christmas Carol» and «Great Expectations».
1	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	novels	novel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	16	case	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Twist	Twist	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Carol	Carol	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	Expectations	Expectation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Charles | a famous English writer |  |  |  | of long novels such Oliver Twist and Great Expectations | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned, mild — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«The dickens» is a gentle word for the devil, used to show surprise or annoyance, as in «What the dickens is that?».

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:m2:1
# text = «The dickens» is a gentle word for the devil, used to show surprise or annoyance, as in «What the dickens is that?».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dickens	dickens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	devil	devil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	annoyance	annoyance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	dickens	dickens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dickens | a gentle word |  |  |  | for the devil | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a gentle word *not said here* |  | a gentle word |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | surprise or annoyance |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent surprise=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the dickens | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Dickens novel or Dickens's world can mean a picture of poor, dirty, crowded old city streets.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:m3:1
# text = A Dickens novel or Dickens's world can mean a picture of poor, dirty, crowded old city streets.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	novel	novel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
13	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	crowded	crowded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
18	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a Dickens novel or Dickens's world | a picture of poor dirty crowded old city streets |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class is reading «A Christmas Carol» by Charles Dickens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x1:1
# text = Our class is reading «A Christmas Carol» by Charles Dickens.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Carol	Carol	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · progressive | Our class | a Christmas Carol by Charles |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dickens wrote about poor children working in London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x2:1
# text = Dickens wrote about poor children working in London.
1	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Dickens |  |  |  |  | about poor children | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about child=Topic |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | poor children *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in London | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in london=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scrooge is one of Dickens's most famous characters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x3:1
# text = Scrooge is one of Dickens's most famous characters.
1	Scrooge	scrooge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	8	advmod	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Scrooge | one |  |  |  | of Dickens's famous characters | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What the dickens is all that noise? (old-fashioned)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* What the dickens is all that noise?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x4:1
# text = What the dickens is all that noise?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dickens	dickens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | all noise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (old-fashioned)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x4:2
# text = (old-fashioned)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa said the puppy was as cute as the dickens. (US, old-fashioned)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Grandpa said the puppy was as cute as the dickens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x5:1
# text = Grandpa said the puppy was as cute as the dickens.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	as	as	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cute	cute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dickens	dickens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (US, old-fashioned)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x5:2
# text = (US, old-fashioned)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old workhouse looked like something out of Dickens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x6:1
# text = The old workhouse looked like something out of Dickens.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	workhouse	workhouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the old workhouse |  |  |  |  | like something | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched a play of «Oliver Twist», a Dickens story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x7:1
# text = We watched a play of «Oliver Twist», a Dickens story.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Twist	Twist	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | a play of Oliver Twist and a Dickens story |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent play=Theme |
| 2 | **play** |  | Oliver Twist and a Dickens story |  |  |  |  |  | nom play «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"What the dickens," said the squire, "do you mean by lying in the middle of the road like that?"

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dickens:x8:1
# text = "What the dickens," said the squire, "do you mean by lying in the middle of the road like that?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dickens	dickens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	squire	squire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
15	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dickens** *in a quote* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | the dickens | the squire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **lie** *in a quote* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  | the middle of the road |  | like that | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in middle=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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