---
title: digraph — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «digraph» in the school dictionary: Two letters that together make one sound, such as sh in «ship», ch in «chip», th in «thin», ee in «see» and ai in «rain». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# digraph

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ee, Sh, you, digraph, Ph, i · **What happens:** make, see, be, find, sound, e · **To what, where:** Two letters, digraph, word, boat, oa, bike · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«digraph» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [digraph in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/digraph.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two letters that together make one sound, such as sh in «ship», ch in «chip», th in «thin», ee in «see» and ai in «rain».

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:m1:1
# text = Two letters that together make one sound, such as sh in «ship», ch in «chip», th in «thin», ee in «see» and ai in «rain».
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	obj	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	sh	sh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	ch	ch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	chip	chip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	th	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	ee	ee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
30	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
31	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	ai	ai	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present |  | Two letters and ee |  |  |  | thin, together *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset that=Beneficiary sound=Product |
| 2 | **see** *in a quote* | infinitive | ee *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sh» is a digraph in the word «fish».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x1:1
# text = «Sh» is a digraph in the word «fish».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sh	Sh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	digraph	digraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sh | a digraph |  | the word |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Find the digraph in «boat». It's «oa».

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Find the digraph in «boat».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x2:1
# text = Find the digraph in «boat».
1	Find	find	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	digraph	digraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | imperative | you *not said here* | the digraph |  | boat |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent digraph=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It's «oa».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x2:2
# text = It's «oa».
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	oa	oa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | digraph | oa |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ph» in «phone» is a digraph that sounds like f.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x3:1
# text = «Ph» in «phone» is a digraph that sounds like f.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ph	ph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	digraph	digraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	f	f	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ph in phone | a digraph |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | a digraph |  |  |  |  | like f | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The split digraph i-e makes «bike» say its name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x4:1
# text = The split digraph i-e makes «bike» say its name.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	split	split	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	digraph	digraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	i	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	e	e	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **e** |  | i |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | the split digraph | bike |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | digraph's name |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **name** |  | digraph |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Underline every digraph in the sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x5:1
# text = Underline every digraph in the sentence.
1	Underline	underline	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	digraph	digraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **underline** | imperative | you *not said here* | every digraph |  | the sentence |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent digraph=Theme in sentence=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Th» can sound different in «this» and «thin».

<!-- fold The tree, 8 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:digraph:x6:1
# text = «Th» can sound different in «this» and «thin».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Th	th	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	sound	sound	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | can |  |  |  |  |  | different *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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