---
title: diligence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «diligence» in the school dictionary: Diligence is careful, steady, hard work that keeps going until the job is done properly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# diligence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Diligence, hard work, Due diligence, teacher, Ants, team · **What happens:** be, keep, go, do, check, make · **To what, where:** job, something, big decision, stagecoach, France, times tables

<!-- .vabout -->
«diligence» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [diligence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/diligence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Diligence is careful, steady, hard work that keeps going until the job is done properly.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:m1:1
# text = Diligence is careful, steady, hard work that keeps going until the job is done properly.
1	Diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	_
17	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Diligence |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Diligence *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | present | hard work |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | gerund | hard work *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | present · passive |  | the job |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, business — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Due diligence is checking something carefully before making a big decision, such as buying a company or a house.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:m2:1
# text = Due diligence is checking something carefully before making a big decision, such as buying a company or a house.
1	Due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	checking	check	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	amod	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present · progressive | Due diligence | something |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Due diligence *not said here* | a big decision |  |  |  | such a buying company or a house | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset decision=Product |
| 3 | **buy** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A diligence was also a stagecoach in France and nearby countries long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:m3:1
# text = A diligence was also a stagecoach in France and nearby countries long ago.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stagecoach	stagecoach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
12	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
13	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a diligence | a stagecoach and nearby countries |  | France |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her diligence paid off when she finally learned her times tables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x1:1
# text = Her diligence paid off when she finally learned her times tables.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	_
11	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay off** | past | Her diligence |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **learn** | past | diligence | diligence's times tables |  |  |  | finally *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher praised Sam's diligence in checking every sum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x2:1
# text = The teacher praised Sam's diligence in checking every sum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	praised	praise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	checking	check	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | past | the teacher | Sam's diligence |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diligence=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | gerund | the teacher *not said here* | every sum |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sum=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants are famous for their diligence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x3:1
# text = Ants are famous for their diligence.
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Ants |  |  |  |  | for Ants's diligence; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With diligence, the team finished the model in time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x4:1
# text = With diligence, the team finished the model in time.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	finished	finish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past | the team | the model |  |  | time | with diligence | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector model=Eventuality with diligence=Subeventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bank did its due diligence before lending the money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x5:1
# text = The bank did its due diligence before lending the money.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	lending	lend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the bank | bank's due diligence |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diligence=Eventuality |
| 2 | **lend** | gerund | the bank *not said here* | the money |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He showed great diligence in practising the piano every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x6:1
# text = He showed great diligence in practising the piano every day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	practising	practise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | He | great diligence |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent diligence=Recipient |
| 2 | **practise** | gerund | He *not said here* | the piano |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The travellers rode a diligence across France in the old story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x7:1
# text = The travellers rode a diligence across France in the old story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | the travellers | a diligence |  | France |  | in the old story | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent diligence=Theme across france=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Little by little his diligence was rewarded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diligence:x8:1
# text = Little by little his diligence was rewarded.
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	diligence	diligence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	rewarded	reward	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reward** | past · passive |  | his Little little diligence |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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