---
title: dimmed — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dimmed» in the school dictionary: Made less bright: the lights were dimmed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dimmed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dimmed headlights, headlights, lights, film, Dad, baby · **What happens:** make, dim, become, dip, point, not dazzle · **To what, where:** lights, feeling, other drivers, lamp, rain, battery · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dimmed» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dimmed in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dimmed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made less bright: the lights were dimmed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:m1:1
# text = Made less bright: the lights were dimmed.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **dim** | past · passive |  | the lights |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Became less bright by itself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:m2:1
# text = Became less bright by itself.
1	Became	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made a feeling, hope or memory weaker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:m3:1
# text = Made a feeling, hope or memory weaker.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past |  | a feeling and hope or memory |  |  |  | weak *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset feeling=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: on a car — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
dimmed or dipped headlights point lower so they do not dazzle other drivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:m4:1
# text = dimmed or dipped headlights point lower so they do not dazzle other drivers.
1	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	dipped	dip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	headlights	headlight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	point	point	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	dazzle	dazzle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **dip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **point** | present | dimmed headlights |  |  |  |  | low *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **dazzle** | present · do-support | headlights *= headlight* | other drivers |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus driver=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lights dimmed and the film began.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x1:1
# text = The lights dimmed and the film began.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past | the lights |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the film |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad dimmed the lamp so the baby could sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x2:1
# text = Dad dimmed the lamp so the baby could sleep.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past | Dad | the lamp |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lamp=Patient |
| 2 | **sleep** | could | the baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stars dimmed as the clouds rolled in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x3:1
# text = The stars dimmed as the clouds rolled in.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past | the stars |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **roll in** | past | the clouds |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her hopes dimmed when it started to rain on sports day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x4:1
# text = Her hopes dimmed when it started to rain on sports day.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hopes	hope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past | Her hopes |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | past | it | rain |  |  | day |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Eventuality |
| 3 | **hope** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The screen dimmed to save battery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x5:1
# text = The screen dimmed to save battery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past | the screen |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | the screen *not said here* | battery |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battery=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The theatre went quiet as the lights dimmed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x6:1
# text = The theatre went quiet as the lights dimmed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	theatre	theatre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the theatre |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dim** | past | the lights |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Time had dimmed his memory of the old house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x7:1
# text = Time had dimmed his memory of the old house.
1	Time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | past · perfect |  | his memory of the old house |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His dimmed mind was just clear enough to remember what she had said, and with trembling fingers, that were almost powerless to grasp, he drew it out.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dimmed:x8:1
# text = His dimmed mind was just clear enough to remember what she had said, and with trembling fingers, that were almost powerless to grasp, he drew it out.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dimmed	dim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	just	just	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	enough	enough	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	trembling	trembling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	powerless	powerless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	grasp	grasp	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	out	out	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dim** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | His dimmed mind |  |  |  |  | clear, enough *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **remember** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 5 | **is** | past | that |  |  |  |  | almost, powerless *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **grasp** | to-infinitive | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **draw out** | past | he | mind |  |  |  | with trembling fingers | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 8 | **mind** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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