---
title: dingy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dingy» in the school dictionary: Dark, dull and dirty-looking; not bright or clean: a dingy room. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dingy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dingy room, white socks, We, shop, They, curtains · **What happens:** look, fade, have, lock, go, paint · **To what, where:** one small window, Toad, dingy dungeon, dingy kitchen, dingy, dusty glass

<!-- .vabout -->
«dingy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dingy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dingy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark, dull and dirty-looking; not bright or clean: a dingy room.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:m1:1
# text = Dark, dull and dirty-looking; not bright or clean: a dingy room.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of colours: faded and dull, not fresh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:m2:1
# text = Of colours: faded and dull, not fresh.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	faded	fade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fade** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of colours | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dingy room had one small window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x1:1
# text = The dingy room had one small window.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the dingy room | one small window |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad was locked in a dingy dungeon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x2:1
# text = Toad was locked in a dingy dungeon.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dungeon	dungeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lock** | past · passive |  | Toad |  | a dingy dungeon |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her white socks had gone dingy and grey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x3:1
# text = Her white socks had gone dingy and grey.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	socks	sock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · perfect | Her white socks |  |  |  |  | dingy *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We painted the dingy kitchen bright yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x4:1
# text = We painted the dingy kitchen bright yellow.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | We | the dingy kitchen |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent kitchen=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop was dingy but full of treasures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x5:1
# text = The shop was dingy but full of treasures.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	treasures	treasure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the shop |  |  |  |  | dingy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the shop *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of treasures | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They walked down a dingy back street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x6:1
# text = They walked down a dingy back street.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dingy	dingy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk down** | past | They | a dingy |  |  |  | street *obl* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dingy=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The curtains looked dingy and old.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x7:1
# text = The curtains looked dingy and old.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	curtains	curtain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dingy	dingy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the curtains | dingy |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dingy=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dingy light came through the dusty glass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x8:1
# text = A dingy light came through the dusty glass.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a dingy light |  |  | the dusty glass |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through glass=Initial\_Location |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Instead of dingy velveteen he had brown fur, soft and shiny, his ears twitched by themselves, and his whiskers were so long that they brushed the grass.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dingy:x9:1
# text = Instead of dingy velveteen he had brown fur, soft and shiny, his ears twitched by themselves, and his whiskers were so long that they brushed the grass.
1	Instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	4	case	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	dingy	dingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	velveteen	velveteen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
16	twitched	twitch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	whiskers	whisker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
26	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	brushed	brush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | he | brown fur and his ears |  |  |  | instead dingy velveteen | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fur=Patient |
| 2 | **twitch** | participle |  | his ears *not said here* |  |  |  | by ears *= ear* | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | his whiskers |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **brush** | past | whiskers *= whisker* | the grass |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent grass=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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