---
title: dinosaur — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dinosaur» in the school dictionary: A dinosaur is one of a large group of reptiles that lived on Earth millions of years ago and died out; some were huge, others were small. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dinosaur

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** dinosaur, reptiles, some, others, person, Tyrannosaurus rex · **What happens:** be, live, die out, eat, see, learn · **To what, where:** one, Earth millions, person, fierce eating dinosaur, huge dinosaur skeleton, museum · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dinosaur» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dinosaur in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dinosaur.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dinosaur is one of a large group of reptiles that lived on Earth millions of years ago and died out; some were huge, others were small.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:m1:1
# text = A dinosaur is one of a large group of reptiles that lived on Earth millions of years ago and died out; some were huge, others were small.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	reptiles	reptile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
18	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
21	out	out	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	nsubj	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
25	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dinosaur | one |  |  |  | of a large group of reptiles | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past | reptiles |  |  | Earth millions of years |  | ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on million=Location |
| 3 | **die out** | past | reptiles *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** | past | some |  |  |  |  | huge *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | past | others |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dinosaur is also a person or thing that is old-fashioned and no longer useful.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:m2:1
# text = A dinosaur is also a person or thing that is old-fashioned and no longer useful.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	no	no	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
17	useful	useful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dinosaur | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | fashioned *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a person or thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tyrannosaurus rex was a fierce meat-eating dinosaur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x1:1
# text = Tyrannosaurus rex was a fierce meat-eating dinosaur.
1	Tyrannosaurus	Tyrannosaurus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rex	rex	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	fierce	fierce	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Tyrannosaurus rex | a fierce eating dinosaur |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a huge dinosaur skeleton at the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x2:1
# text = We saw a huge dinosaur skeleton at the museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a huge dinosaur skeleton |  | the museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skeleton=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x3:1
# text = Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago.
1	Dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Dinosaurs | millions of years |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme million=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists learn about dinosaurs by studying fossils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x4:1
# text = Scientists learn about dinosaurs by studying fossils.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	studying	study	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | Scientists |  |  |  |  | about dinosaurs | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about dinosaur=Topic |
| 2 | **study** | gerund | Scientists *not said here* | fossils |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x5:1
# text = Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	as	as	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	chickens	chicken	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | some dinosaurs |  |  |  |  | as chickens; small *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds are related to dinosaurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x6:1
# text = Birds are related to dinosaurs.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	related	related	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Birds |  |  |  |  | to dinosaurs; related *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa jokes that his old phone is a dinosaur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dinosaur:x7:1
# text = Grandpa jokes that his old phone is a dinosaur.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	jokes	joke	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joke** *speech: other* | present | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Grandpa's old phone | a dinosaur |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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