---
title: directory — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «directory» in the school dictionary: A directory is a book or list of names, addresses and numbers, arranged in order so people can look them up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# directory

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** directory, people, folder, you, name, His · **What happens:** be, arrange, look up, list, hold, name · **To what, where:** book, order, numbers, names, folder, computer

<!-- .vabout -->
«directory» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [directory in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/directory.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A directory is a book or list of names, addresses and numbers, arranged in order so people can look them up.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:directory:m1:1
# text = A directory is a book or list of names, addresses and numbers, arranged in order so people can look them up.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	directory	directory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	addresses	address	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
18	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
22	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	obj	_	_
23	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a directory | a book or list of names and addresses and numbers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **arrange** | participle |  |  |  | order |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in order=Destination |
| 3 | **look up** | can | people | numbers *= number* |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Attribute |
| 4 | **list** |  |  | names and addresses and numbers |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a computer, a directory is a folder that holds files.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:directory:m2:1
# text = On a computer, a directory is a folder that holds files.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	directory	directory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	folder	folder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a directory | a folder |  | a computer |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | a folder | files |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look the shop up in the phone directory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:directory:x1:1
# text = Look the shop up in the phone directory.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	directory	directory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look up** | imperative | you *not said here* | the shop |  | the phone directory |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme shop=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His name is certain to be in the Directory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:directory:x2:1
# text = His name is certain to be in the Directory.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Directory	Directory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | His name |  |  |  |  | certain *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the Directory |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The file is saved in a directory on the computer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:directory:x3:1
# text = The file is saved in a directory on the computer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	saved	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	directory	directory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | present · passive |  | the file |  | a directory on the computer |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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