---
title: dirge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dirge» in the school dictionary: A dirge is a slow, sad song sung for someone who has died. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dirge

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**Who acts:** dirge, people, Muses, She · **What happens:** be, sing, die, chant, fall · **To what, where:** slow sad song, dirge, funeral dirge, low dirge, fallen rover

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«dirge» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dirge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dirge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dirge is a slow, sad song sung for someone who has died.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirge:m1:1
# text = A dirge is a slow, sad song sung for someone who has died.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dirge	dirge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	died	die	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a dirge | a slow sad song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  | a slow sad song *not said here* |  |  |  | for someone | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for someone=Recipient |
| 3 | **die** | present · perfect |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The people sang a dirge for the dead king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirge:x1:1
# text = The people sang a dirge for the dead king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dirge	dirge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the people | a dirge |  |  |  | for the dead king | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent dirge=Theme for king=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Muses chanted a funeral dirge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirge:x2:1
# text = The Muses chanted a funeral dirge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Muses	muse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chanted	chant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dirge	dirge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chant** | past | the Muses | a funeral dirge |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirge=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sang a low dirge over the fallen rover.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirge:x3:1
# text = She sang a low dirge over the fallen rover.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dirge	dirge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	rover	rover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | She | a low dirge |  | the fallen rover |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location dirge=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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