---
title: dirt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dirt» in the school dictionary: Dirt is anything that makes things unclean, like mud, dust or grease. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dirt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Dirt, you, We, car, Worms, Its · **What happens:** be, make, wash off, cover, plant, bump · **To what, where:** anything, things, loose earth, gossip, dirt, boys

<!-- .vabout -->
«dirt» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dirt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dirt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dirt is anything that makes things unclean, like mud, dust or grease.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:m1:1
# text = Dirt is anything that makes things unclean, like mud, dust or grease.
1	Dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	grease	grease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | anything |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | things |  |  |  | unclean *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dirt is loose earth or soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:m2:1
# text = Dirt is loose earth or soil.
1	Dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	loose	loose	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dirt | loose earth or soil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dirt about someone is gossip or bad secret information (informal).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:m3:1
# text = Dirt about someone is gossip or bad secret information (informal).
1	Dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	nmod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	gossip	gossip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Dirt about someone | gossip or bad secret information |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash the dirt off your hands before dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x1:1
# text = Wash the dirt off your hands before dinner.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash off** | imperative | you *not said here* | the dirt |  |  | before dinner |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent dirt=Beneficiary hand=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boys came home covered in dirt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x2:1
# text = The boys came home covered in dirt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	home	home	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the boys |  |  |  | in dirt; home *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in dirt=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We planted seeds in the dirt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x3:1
# text = We planted seeds in the dirt.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | past | We | seeds |  | the dirt |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent seed=Theme in dirt=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car bumped along a dirt road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x4:1
# text = The car bumped along a dirt road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bumped	bump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bump** | past | the car |  |  |  |  | along a dirt road | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's dirt under your fingernails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x5:1
# text = There's dirt under your fingernails.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	fingernails	fingernail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | dirt |  |  | your fingernails; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under fingernail=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Worms live in the dirt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x6:1
# text = Worms live in the dirt.
1	Worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Worms |  |  | the dirt |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in dirt=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its china label was quite coated over with dirt and cobwebs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirt:x7:1
# text = Its china label was quite coated over with dirt and cobwebs.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	china	china	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	label	label	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	coated	coat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cobwebs	cobweb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **coat over** | past · passive |  | Its china label |  |  |  | with dirt and cobwebs; over *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with dirt=Theme |
| 2 | **label** |  | Its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom label «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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