---
title: dirtiness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dirtiness» in the school dictionary: The state of being dirty: covered in mud, dust or germs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dirtiness/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / dirtiness

# dirtiness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** state, dirtiness, Mum, inspector, Washing, you · **What happens:** be, cover, worry, shock, make, groan · **To what, where:** state, scientists, We, people, Mum, hands

<!-- .vabout -->
«dirtiness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dirtiness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dirtiness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of being dirty: covered in mud, dust or germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:m1:1
# text = The state of being dirty: covered in mud, dust or germs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | the state *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle · passive |  | the state |  |  |  | in mud and dust or germs | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in mud=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being unfair or dishonest, as in a dirty trick (less common).

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:m2:1
# text = Being unfair or dishonest, as in a dirty trick (less common).
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	csubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	dishonest	dishonest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
13	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dirtiness of the river worried the scientists.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x1:1
# text = The dirtiness of the river worried the scientists.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	worried	worry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **worry** | past | the dirtiness of the river | the scientists |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus scientist=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were shocked by the dirtiness of the old shed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x2:1
# text = We were shocked by the dirtiness of the old shed.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	shocked	shock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shock** | past · passive | the dirtiness of the old shed | We |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dirtiness in a kitchen can make people ill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x3:1
# text = Dirtiness in a kitchen can make people ill.
1	Dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Dirtiness in a kitchen | people |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dirtiness of my football kit made Mum groan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x4:1
# text = The dirtiness of my football kit made Mum groan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	kit	kit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	groan	groan	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the dirtiness of my football kit | Mum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **groan** | infinitive | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inspector wrote about the dirtiness of the toilets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x5:1
# text = The inspector wrote about the dirtiness of the toilets.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inspector	inspector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	toilets	toilet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the inspector |  |  |  |  | about the dirtiness of the toilets | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about dirtiness=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing your hands removes dirtiness you cannot even see.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x6:1
# text = Washing your hands removes dirtiness you cannot even see.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	removes	remove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **remove** | present | Washing | dirtiness |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dirtiness=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **see** | can | you | dirtiness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dirtiness=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people did not like the dirtiness of the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirtiness:x7:1
# text = Some people did not like the dirtiness of the game.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dirtiness	dirtiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **like** | past · do-support | some people | the dirtiness of the game |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dirtiness=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [dirt](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dirt/)
- next →: [dirty](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dirty/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)