---
title: dirty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dirty» in the school dictionary: Not clean; covered with dirt, mud, dust or germs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# dirty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Verb, you, shoes, Hiding, She, Gardening · **What happens:** cover, make, wash, get, put, leave · **To what, where:** something, dirty hands, dirty clothes, basket, dirty dishes, dirty water

<!-- .vabout -->
«dirty» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dirty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dirty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not clean; covered with dirt, mud, dust or germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:m1:1
# text = Not clean; covered with dirt, mud, dust or germs.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with dirt and mud and dust or germs; clean *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with dirt=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not fair or honest: a dirty trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:m2:1
# text = Not fair or honest: a dirty trick.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rude or not nice: a dirty word, a dirty look (an angry look).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:m3:1
# text = Rude or not nice: a dirty word, a dirty look (an angry look).
1	Rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb: to make something dirty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:m4:1
# text = Verb: to make something dirty.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive | Verb | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your dirty hands before dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x1:1
# text = Wash your dirty hands before dinner.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your dirty hands |  |  | before dinner |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My shoes got dirty in the mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x2:1
# text = My shoes got dirty in the mud.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | My shoes |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put your dirty clothes in the basket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x3:1
# text = Put your dirty clothes in the basket.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | your dirty clothes |  | the basket |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent clothes=Theme in basket=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who left these dirty dishes?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x4:1
# text = Who left these dirty dishes?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
4	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dishes	dish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past |  | this dirty dishes |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dish=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't drink dirty water from a puddle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x5:1
# text = Don't drink dirty water from a puddle.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	drink	drink	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	puddle	puddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drink** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | dirty water |  | a puddle |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hiding the ball was a dirty trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x6:1
# text = Hiding the ball was a dirty trick.
1	Hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | gerund |  | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Hiding | a dirty trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She gave me a dirty look.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x7:1
# text = She gave me a dirty look.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | She | a dirty look | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient look=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gardening is fun, even if you get dirty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x8:1
# text = Gardening is fun, even if you get dirty.
1	Gardening	gardening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Gardening |  |  |  |  | fun *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knives are dirty things at any time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dirty:x9:1
# text = Knives are dirty things at any time.
1	Knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Knives | dirty things |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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