---
title: disability — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disability» in the school dictionary: A disability is a condition that makes some things harder for a person to do, such as seeing, hearing, walking, learning or communicating. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disability

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** disability, condition, things, brother, school, Paralympians · **What happens:** be, make, do, see, walk, learn · **To what, where:** condition, things, disability, wheelchair, disabilities, ramps

<!-- .vabout -->
«disability» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disability in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disability.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A disability is a condition that makes some things harder for a person to do, such as seeing, hearing, walking, learning or communicating.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:m1:1
# text = A disability is a condition that makes some things harder for a person to do, such as seeing, hearing, walking, learning or communicating.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disability	disability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	19	mark	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	communicating	communicate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a disability | a condition |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a condition | some things |  |  |  | for a person; hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | some things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **see** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **communicate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her brother has a disability and uses a wheelchair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x1:1
# text = Her brother has a disability and uses a wheelchair.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	disability	disability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wheelchair	wheelchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Her brother | a disability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disability=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | present | Her brother *not said here* | a wheelchair |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheelchair=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some disabilities, like dyslexia, cannot be seen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x2:1
# text = Some disabilities, like dyslexia, cannot be seen.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	disabilities	disability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	dyslexia	dyslexia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | can · passive |  | some disabilities and dyslexia |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has ramps for people with disabilities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x3:1
# text = Our school has ramps for people with disabilities.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ramps	ramp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	disabilities	disability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | ramps |  |  |  | for people with disabilities | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ramp=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paralympians are athletes with disabilities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x4:1
# text = Paralympians are athletes with disabilities.
1	Paralympians	paralympian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	disabilities	disability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Paralympians | athletes |  |  |  | with disabilities | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't park in the space for people with disabilities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x5:1
# text = Don't park in the space for people with disabilities.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	park	park	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	disabilities	disability	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **park** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the space for people with disabilities |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in space=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask if someone with a disability wants help before you help them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x6:1
# text = Ask if someone with a disability wants help before you help them.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	disability	disability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wants	want	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **help** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **help** | present | you | wants *= want* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A guide dog helps people who are blind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x7:1
# text = A guide dog helps people who are blind.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a guide dog |  | people |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | blind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a disability doesn't stop you from having fun with friends.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disability:x8:1
# text = Having a disability doesn't stop you from having fun with friends.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	disability	disability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a disability |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disability=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **stop** | present · do-support | Having | you |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality you=Eventuality |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | Having *not said here* | fun |  |  |  | with friends | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fun=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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