---
title: disciple — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disciple» in the school dictionary: A disciple was a follower of Jesus who learned from him; the twelve closest were also called apostles. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disciple

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** disciple, follower, Jesus, disciples, storm, young chef · **What happens:** be, learn, call, follow, believe, hit · **To what, where:** follower, twelve, anyone, ideas, Peter, disciples · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«disciple» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disciple in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disciple.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A disciple was a follower of Jesus who learned from him; the twelve closest were also called apostles.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:m1:1
# text = A disciple was a follower of Jesus who learned from him; the twelve closest were also called apostles.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disciple	disciple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	follower	follower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	parataxis	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	also	also	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
19	apostles	apostle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a disciple | a follower |  |  |  | of Jesus | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | past | a follower |  |  |  |  | from Jesus | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from he=Source |
| 3 | **call** | past · passive |  | the twelve |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A disciple is anyone who follows and learns from a teacher or leader and believes in their ideas.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:m2:1
# text = A disciple is anyone who follows and learns from a teacher or leader and believes in their ideas.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disciple	disciple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	follows	follow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	believes	believe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a disciple | anyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **learn** | present |  |  |  |  |  | from a teacher or leader | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from teacher=Source |
| 4 | **believe** | present |  |  |  | teacher's ideas |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jesus called Peter and Andrew to be his disciples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x1:1
# text = Jesus called Peter and Andrew to be his disciples.
1	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Andrew	Andrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Jesus |  | Peter and Andrew |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent peter=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | Jesus *not said here* | Jesus's disciples |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The disciples were afraid when the storm hit their boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x2:1
# text = The disciples were afraid when the storm hit their boat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the disciples |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hit** | past | the storm | disciples's boat |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme boat=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the Last Supper, Jesus washed his disciples' feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x3:1
# text = At the Last Supper, Jesus washed his disciples' feet.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Last	Last	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
4	Supper	Supper	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	washed	wash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | past | Jesus | Jesus's disciples's feet |  | the Last Supper |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young chef was a disciple of the great baker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x4:1
# text = The young chef was a disciple of the great baker.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	disciple	disciple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the young chef | a disciple |  |  |  | of the great baker | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned the names of the twelve disciples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x5:1
# text = We learned the names of the twelve disciples.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | the names of the twelve disciples |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Topic |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | the twelve disciples |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A disciple listens, learns, and tries to live by the teaching.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x6:1
# text = A disciple listens, learns, and tries to live by the teaching.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disciple	disciple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	listens	listen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	tries	try	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	teaching	teaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | a disciple |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **learn** | present | a disciple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **try** | present | a disciple *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **live** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a disciple *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the teaching | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by teaching=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The one who came to you before was only my disciple!” replied the old man again.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disciple:x7:1
# text = The one who came to you before was only my disciple!” replied the old man again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	_
7	before	before	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	disciple	disciple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
14	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the one |  | you |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to you=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | my disciple |  |  |  | before *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **reply** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | the one | the old man |  |  | again |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent man=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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