---
title: discouraged — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «discouraged» in the school dictionary: Feeling discouraged means losing hope or confidence, so you do not want to keep trying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# discouraged

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Feeling, you, Phones, Tom, practice, mum · **What happens:** feel, mean, lose, not want, keep, try · **To what, where:** hope, Discouraged past, someone, something, class, spelling test · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«discouraged» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [discouraged in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/discouraged.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling discouraged means losing hope or confidence, so you do not want to keep trying.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:m1:1
# text = Feeling discouraged means losing hope or confidence, so you do not want to keep trying.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | discouraged *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Feeling |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **lose** *not said to happen* | gerund | Feeling *not said here* | hope or confidence |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Eventuality |
| 4 | **not** **want** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **try** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Discouraged is the past of discourage: tried to stop someone from doing something.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:m2:1
# text = Discouraged is the past of discourage: tried to stop someone from doing something.
1	Discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	discourage	discourage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	tried	try	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	_
12	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the Discouraged past |  |  |  | of discourage | tree rules |
| 2 | **try** | participle |  | the Discouraged past *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality |
| 4 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not approved of: «Phones are discouraged in class».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:m3:1
# text = Not approved of: «Phones are discouraged in class».
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	approved	approve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **approve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Phones |  |  | class |  | discouraged *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tom felt discouraged after failing the spelling test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x1:1
# text = Tom felt discouraged after failing the spelling test.
1	Tom	Tom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	failing	fail	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | Tom |  |  |  |  | discouraged *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fail** | gerund | Tom *not said here* | the spelling test |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't get discouraged — practice makes progress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x2:1
# text = Don't get discouraged — practice makes progress.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **get** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | discouraged *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | present | practice | progress |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset progress=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her mum discouraged her from climbing the tall tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x3:1
# text = Her mum discouraged her from climbing the tall tree.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	discouraged	discourage	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discourage** | past | Her mum | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |
| 2 | **climb** | gerund | Her mum *not said here* | the tall tree |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running in the corridor is strongly discouraged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x4:1
# text = Running in the corridor is strongly discouraged.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	corridor	corridor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  | the corridor |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in corridor=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | present | Running |  |  |  |  | discouraged, strongly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rain discouraged people from coming to the fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x5:1
# text = The rain discouraged people from coming to the fair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | gerund | discouraged people *not said here* |  |  | the fair |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to fair=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was discouraged but tried again the next day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x6:1
# text = He was discouraged but tried again the next day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | discouraged *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **try** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  | again; day |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But the prince was not discouraged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouraged:x7:1
# text = But the prince was not discouraged.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the prince |  |  |  |  | discouraged *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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