---
title: discouragement — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «discouragement» in the school dictionary: A feeling of having lost confidence or hope, so you do not want to try any more. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# discouragement

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** feeling, you, Something, people, Fines, act · **What happens:** have, lose, not want, try, make, do · **To what, where:** lost confidence, people, something, discouragement, litter, someone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«discouragement» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [discouragement in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/discouragement.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A feeling of having lost confidence or hope, so you do not want to try any more.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:m1:1
# text = A feeling of having lost confidence or hope, so you do not want to try any more.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	any	any	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | a feeling *not said here* | lost confidence or hope |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confidence=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **want** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that makes people less likely to do something: «Fines are a discouragement to dropping litter».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:m2:1
# text = Something that makes people less likely to do something: «Fines are a discouragement to dropping litter».
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Fines	Fine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
16	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
18	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Something | people |  |  |  | likely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Fines | a discouragement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **drop** *in a quote* | gerund | Something *not said here* | litter |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litter=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of trying to stop someone from doing something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:m3:1
# text = The act of trying to stop someone from doing something.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	trying	try	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the act *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality someone=Eventuality |
| 3 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Despite discouragement from others, she kept practising.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:x1:1
# text = Despite discouragement from others, she kept practising.
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	practising	practise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | she |  |  |  |  | despite discouragement from others | tree rules |
| 2 | **practise** | gerund | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After losing again, Ben felt deep discouragement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:x2:1
# text = After losing again, Ben felt deep discouragement.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	Ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund | Ben *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **feel** | past | Ben | deep discouragement |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent discouragement=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fence is a discouragement to burglars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:x3:1
# text = The fence is a discouragement to burglars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	burglars	burglar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the fence | a discouragement |  |  |  | to burglars | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our coach turned our discouragement into determination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:x4:1
# text = Our coach turned our discouragement into determination.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	determination	determination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Our coach | our discouragement |  | determination |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent discouragement=Theme into determination=Trajectory |
| 2 | **discourage** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom discouragement «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small setbacks are no reason for discouragement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:x5:1
# text = Small setbacks are no reason for discouragement.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	setbacks	setback	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Small setbacks | no reason |  |  |  | for discouragement | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
High prices are a discouragement to buying sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discouragement:x6:1
# text = High prices are a discouragement to buying sweets.
1	High	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	discouragement	discouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | High prices | a discouragement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | gerund |  | sweets |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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