---
title: discus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «discus» in the school dictionary: A heavy flat round disc that athletes throw as far as they can. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# discus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** heavy flat round disc, event, disc, She, discus, You · **What happens:** throw, call, win, fly, spin round, stand back · **To what, where:** disc, discus, county championships, thirty metres, Olympic Games, plastic discus · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«discus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [discus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/discus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heavy flat round disc that athletes throw as far as they can.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:m1:1
# text = A heavy flat round disc that athletes throw as far as they can.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	disc	disc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	athletes	athlete	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	throw	throw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	as	as	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | present | a heavy flat round disc |  |  |  |  | far *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sport or event of throwing this disc, called «the discus».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:m2:1
# text = The sport or event of throwing this disc, called «the discus».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	event	event	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	disc	disc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | gerund | event *not said here* | this disc |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disc=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle | this disc *not said here* | the discus |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won the discus at the county championships.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x1:1
# text = She won the discus at the county championships.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	county	county	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	championships	championship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | the discus |  | the county championships |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent discus=Theme at championship=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The discus flew over thirty metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x2:1
# text = The discus flew over thirty metres.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the discus | thirty metres |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You spin round before you throw the discus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x3:1
# text = You spin round before you throw the discus.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spin	spin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	round	round	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	throw	throw	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin round** | present | You |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **throw** | present | you | the discus |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent discus=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient Greeks threw the discus at the Olympic Games.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x4:1
# text = Ancient Greeks threw the discus at the Olympic Games.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Greeks	Greek	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Olympic	Olympic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Games	Game	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | Ancient Greeks | the discus |  | the Olympic Games |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent discus=Theme at game=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stand well back when someone is throwing the discus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x5:1
# text = Stand well back when someone is throwing the discus.
1	Stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	throwing	throw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand back** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **throw** | present · progressive | someone | the discus |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent discus=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school has a plastic discus for practice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x6:1
# text = Our school has a plastic discus for practice.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our school | a plastic discus |  |  |  | for practice | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent discus=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The discus thrower held the disc flat in her hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:discus:x7:1
# text = The discus thrower held the disc flat in her hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	discus	discus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	thrower	thrower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	disc	disc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | the discus thrower | the disc |  | thrower's hand |  | flat *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent disc=Theme in hand=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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