---
title: disease — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disease» in the school dictionary: A disease is an illness that affects people, animals or plants, with particular signs (symptoms). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disease

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** disease, illness, Measles, Washing, Vaccines, Rats · **What happens:** be, affect, spread, wash, help, stop · **To what, where:** illness, people, general, disease, hands, us

<!-- .vabout -->
«disease» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disease in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disease.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A disease is an illness that affects people, animals or plants, with particular signs (symptoms).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:m1:1
# text = A disease is an illness that affects people, animals or plants, with particular signs (symptoms).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	symptoms	symptom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a disease | a illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **affect** | present | a illness | people and animals or plants and particular signs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Disease (uncountable) is illness in general.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:m2:1
# text = Disease (uncountable) is illness in general.
1	Disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	uncountable	uncountable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Disease | illness |  | general |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Measles is a disease that spreads easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:x1:1
# text = Measles is a disease that spreads easily.
1	Measles	measle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Measles | a disease |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | present | a disease |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing your hands helps stop disease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:x2:1
# text = Washing your hands helps stop disease.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | Washing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive | Washing *not said here* | disease |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality disease=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vaccines protect us from some diseases.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:x3:1
# text = Vaccines protect us from some diseases.
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	diseases	disease	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | Vaccines |  | us |  |  | from some diseases | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary from disease=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rats and fleas spread disease in the past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:x4:1
# text = Rats and fleas spread disease in the past.
1	Rats	rat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	fleas	flea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Rats and fleas | disease |  | the past |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent disease=Theme in past=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heart disease can be helped by exercise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:x5:1
# text = Heart disease can be helped by exercise.
1	Heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | can · passive | exercise | Heart disease |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tree had a disease that killed its leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disease:x6:1
# text = The tree had a disease that killed its leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	killed	kill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the tree | a disease |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Patient |
| 2 | **kill** | past | a disease | tree's leaves |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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