---
title: disfigure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disfigure» in the school dictionary: To disfigure is to spoil the way a person or thing looks, so that it is ugly or damaged. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disfigure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, way, scar, curse, Graffiti, fire · **What happens:** disfigure, be, look, damage · **To what, where:** way, face, old witch, wall, old church

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«disfigure» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disfigure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disfigure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To disfigure is to spoil the way a person or thing looks, so that it is ugly or damaged.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigure:m1:1
# text = To disfigure is to spoil the way a person or thing looks, so that it is ugly or damaged.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	disfigure	disfigure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	spoil	spoil	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	ugly	ugly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | spoil *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **look** | present | a person or thing | the way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** | present | way |  |  |  |  | ugly *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **damage** | participle | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scar disfigured his face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigure:x1:1
# text = The scar disfigured his face.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scar	scar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past | the scar | scar's face |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A curse disfigured the old witch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigure:x2:1
# text = A curse disfigured the old witch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past | a curse | the old witch |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent witch=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Graffiti disfigured the wall of the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigure:x3:1
# text = Graffiti disfigured the wall of the school.
1	Graffiti	Graffiti	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past | Graffiti | the wall of the school |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire disfigured the old church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigure:x4:1
# text = The fire disfigured the old church.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past | the fire | the old church |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent church=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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