---
title: disfigured — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disfigured» in the school dictionary: Disfigured means spoiled in looks, so that a face or shape is no longer as it was; marked or damaged. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disfigured

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**Who acts:** face, shape, bee, rain, disfigured tree · **What happens:** disfigure, mean, spoil, not be, be, mark · **To what, where:** looks, disfigured doll, face, old statue, edge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«disfigured» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disfigured in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disfigured.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Disfigured means spoiled in looks, so that a face or shape is no longer as it was; marked or damaged.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigured:m1:1
# text = Disfigured means spoiled in looks, so that a face or shape is no longer as it was; marked or damaged.
1	Disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	looks	look	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	no	no	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
20	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **spoil** | participle |  |  |  | looks |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | a face or shape |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | past | shape |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **mark** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The disfigured doll had lost one arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigured:x1:1
# text = The disfigured doll had lost one arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** | past · perfect · passive |  | the disfigured doll |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His face was disfigured by the bee stings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigured:x2:1
# text = His face was disfigured by the bee stings.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stings	sting	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past · passive |  | His face |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **sting** | present | the bee |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old statue was badly disfigured by rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigured:x3:1
# text = The old statue was badly disfigured by rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | past · passive | rain | the old statue |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A disfigured tree stood at the edge of the wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disfigured:x4:1
# text = A disfigured tree stood at the edge of the wood.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	disfigured	disfigure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disfigure** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stand** | past | a disfigured tree |  |  | the edge of the wood |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at edge=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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