---
title: disheartened — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disheartened» in the school dictionary: Disheartened means feeling sad and losing hope or courage, so that you want to give up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disheartened

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, team, rain, he · **What happens:** dishearten, mean, feel, lose, want, give up · **To what, where:** hope, He, picnic, knight

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«disheartened» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disheartened in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disheartened.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Disheartened means feeling sad and losing hope or courage, so that you want to give up.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disheartened:m1:1
# text = Disheartened means feeling sad and losing hope or courage, so that you want to give up.
1	Disheartened	dishearten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
7	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	14	mark	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dishearten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **feel** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **lose** | gerund |  | hope or courage |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Eventuality |
| 5 | **want** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 6 | **give up** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After three losses, the team felt disheartened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disheartened:x1:1
# text = After three losses, the team felt disheartened.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	losses	loss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	disheartened	dishearten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the team |  |  |  | after three losses |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **dishearten** | participle | the team *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be disheartened; keep practising.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disheartened:x2:1
# text = Don't be disheartened; keep practising.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	disheartened	dishearten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	practising	practise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **dishearten** | infinitive · passive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 3 | **keep** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **practise** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He grew disheartened when the rain spoiled the picnic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disheartened:x3:1
# text = He grew disheartened when the rain spoiled the picnic.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	disheartened	dishearten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spoiled	spoil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	picnic	picnic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dishearten** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **spoil** | past | the rain | the picnic |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight was disheartened, but he rode on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disheartened:x4:1
# text = The knight was disheartened, but he rode on.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	disheartened	dishearten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dishearten** | past · passive |  | the knight |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **ride on** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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