---
title: disrupt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disrupt» in the school dictionary: To stop something from going on normally by causing trouble, noise or problems. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disrupt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, new invention, you, Heavy snow, noisy neighbours, our · **What happens:** stop, go on, cause, change, work, disrupt · **To what, where:** something, trouble, way, industry, lesson, trains

<!-- .vabout -->
«disrupt» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disrupt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disrupt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop something from going on normally by causing trouble, noise or problems.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:m1:1
# text = To stop something from going on normally by causing trouble, noise or problems.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	normally	normally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **go on** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | normally *property* | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | gerund |  | trouble and noise or problems |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To change the way something works in a big, new way, such as a new invention disrupting an industry.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:m2:1
# text = To change the way something works in a big, new way, such as a new invention disrupting an industry.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	parataxis	_	_
19	disrupting	disrupt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	industry	industry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | to-infinitive | something *not said here* | the way |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | present | something |  |  |  |  | in a big new way | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in way=Theme |
| 3 | **disrupt** | gerund | a new invention *not said here* | a industry |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please don't disrupt the lesson by talking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x1:1
# text = Please don't disrupt the lesson by talking.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	disrupt	disrupt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **disrupt** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the lesson |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heavy snow disrupted the trains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x2:1
# text = Heavy snow disrupted the trains.
1	Heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disrupted	disrupt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disrupt** | past | Heavy snow | the trains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The noisy neighbours disrupted our sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x3:1
# text = The noisy neighbours disrupted our sleep.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	disrupted	disrupt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disrupt** | past | the noisy neighbours | our sleep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom sleep «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire alarm disrupted the assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x4:1
# text = The fire alarm disrupted the assembly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	disrupted	disrupt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disrupt** | past | the fire alarm | the assembly |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Floods disrupted the delivery of food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x5:1
# text = Floods disrupted the delivery of food.
1	Floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	disrupted	disrupt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	delivery	delivery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disrupt** | past | Floods | the delivery of food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **deliver** |  |  | food |  |  |  |  | nom delivery «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phones can disrupt your homework time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x6:1
# text = Phones can disrupt your homework time.
1	Phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	disrupt	disrupt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disrupt** | can | Phones |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) Services may be disrupted due to engineering works.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disrupt:x7:1
# text = (formal) Services may be disrupted due to engineering works.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Services	service	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	disrupted	disrupt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	due	due	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	engineering	engineering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disrupt** | may · passive |  | formal Services |  |  |  | due engineering works | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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