---
title: disruptive — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disruptive» in the school dictionary: Causing trouble so that something cannot go on normally: disruptive behaviour in class. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disruptive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Causing, new invention, teacher, roadworks, Talking, Snow · **What happens:** cause, not go on, change, do, move, be · **To what, where:** trouble, disruptive behaviour, usual way, Changing things, big way, whole business

<!-- .vabout -->
«disruptive» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disruptive in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disruptive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing trouble so that something cannot go on normally: disruptive behaviour in class.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:m1:1
# text = Causing trouble so that something cannot go on normally: disruptive behaviour in class.
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	normally	normally	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | trouble |  |  |  | so something | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition trouble=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **go on** | can | Causing | disruptive behaviour in class |  |  |  | normally *property* | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Changing the usual way things are done in a big way, like a new invention that changes a whole business (disruptive technology).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:m2:1
# text = Changing the usual way things are done in a big way, like a new invention that changes a whole business (disruptive technology).
1	Changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	invention	invention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | gerund |  | the usual way |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | present · passive |  | Changing things |  | a big way |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **change** | present | a new invention | a whole business |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent business=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher moved the disruptive boy to the front.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:x1:1
# text = The teacher moved the disruptive boy to the front.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the teacher | the disruptive boy |  | the front |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent boy=Theme to front=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roadworks were very disruptive to the traffic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:x2:1
# text = The roadworks were very disruptive to the traffic.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roadworks	roadwork	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the roadworks |  |  |  |  | to the traffic; disruptive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Talking loudly in the library is disruptive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:x3:1
# text = Talking loudly in the library is disruptive.
1	Talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | gerund |  |  |  | the library |  | loudly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Talking |  |  |  |  | disruptive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Snow was disruptive to the trains all week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:x4:1
# text = Snow was disruptive to the trains all week.
1	Snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trains	train	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Snow |  |  |  |  | to the trains  all week; disruptive *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phones changed the world as a disruptive technology.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:x5:1
# text = Phones changed the world as a disruptive technology.
1	Phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	technology	technology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Phones | the world |  |  |  | as a disruptive technology | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent world=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please don't be disruptive during the play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disruptive:x6:1
# text = Please don't be disruptive during the play.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  | during the play | disruptive *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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