---
title: disturbances — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «disturbances» in the school dictionary: things that disturb or interrupt (noise, interruptions). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# disturbances

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, I, noise disturbances, disturbances, hotel, report · **What happens:** disturb, call, need, keep, be, apologise · **To what, where:** interrupt, Police, disturbances, city centre, pen, neighbours · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«disturbances» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [disturbances in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/disturbances.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
things that disturb or interrupt (noise, interruptions).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:m1:1
# text = things that disturb or interrupt (noise, interruptions).
1	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	disturb	disturb	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	interrupt	interrupt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	interruptions	interruption	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disturb** | present | things | interrupt |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus interrupt=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: euphemism, official, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
riots, fights or violent protests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:m2:1
# text = riots, fights or violent protests.
1	riots	riot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	fights	fight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	protests	protest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police were called to disturbances in the city centre last night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:x1:1
# text = Police were called to disturbances in the city centre last night.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | Police | disturbances | the city centre | night |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to disturbance=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorry for the disturbance, I just need a pen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:x2:1
# text = Sorry for the disturbance, I just need a pen.
1	Sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | I | a pen |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot pen=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The noise disturbances kept the neighbours awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:x3:1
# text = The noise disturbances kept the neighbours awake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | the noise disturbances | the neighbours |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neighbour=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were disturbances after the football match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:x4:1
# text = There were disturbances after the football match.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | disturbances |  |  | there | after the football match |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hotel apologised for the disturbance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:x5:1
# text = The hotel apologised for the disturbance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	apologised	apologise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	disturbance	disturbance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apologise** *speech: apologize* | past | the hotel |  |  |  |  | for the disturbance | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The report described the riots as «disturbances».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:disturbances:x6:1
# text = The report described the riots as «disturbances».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	described	describe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	riots	riot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	disturbances	disturbance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | past | the report | the riots |  |  |  | as disturbances | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent riot=Theme as disturbance=Attribute |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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