---
title: diurnal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «diurnal» in the school dictionary: Active during the day and resting at night, like most birds, butterflies and humans. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# diurnal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** diurnal temperature, Squirrels, owls, Humans, Most butterflies, desert · **What happens:** rest, happen, change, be, have, laugh · **To what, where:** diurnal animals, large diurnal temperature range

<!-- .vabout -->
«diurnal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [diurnal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/diurnal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Active during the day and resting at night, like most birds, butterflies and humans.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:m1:1
# text = Active during the day and resting at night, like most birds, butterflies and humans.
1	Active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
2	during	during	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | gerund |  |  |  |  | night |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happening every day, or during the day: «diurnal temperature changes».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:m2:1
# text = Happening every day, or during the day: «diurnal temperature changes».
1	Happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	csubj	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **change** *in a quote* | present | diurnal temperature |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Squirrels are diurnal, but owls are nocturnal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:x1:1
# text = Squirrels are diurnal, but owls are nocturnal.
1	Squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	nocturnal	nocturnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Squirrels |  |  |  |  | diurnal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | owls |  |  |  |  | nocturnal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans are diurnal animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:x2:1
# text = Humans are diurnal animals.
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Humans | diurnal animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most butterflies are diurnal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:x3:1
# text = Most butterflies are diurnal.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Most butterflies |  |  |  |  | diurnal *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The desert has a large diurnal temperature range.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:x4:1
# text = The desert has a large diurnal temperature range.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the desert | a large diurnal temperature range |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent range=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kookaburra is diurnal and laughs at dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:x5:1
# text = The kookaburra is diurnal and laughs at dawn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kookaburra	kookaburra	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	laughs	laugh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the kookaburra |  |  |  |  | diurnal *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | present | the kookaburra *not said here* |  |  |  | dawn |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(science) The diurnal cycle of light and dark controls when flowers open.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:diurnal:x6:1
# text = (science) The diurnal cycle of light and dark controls when flowers open.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	controls	control	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
13	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | flowers |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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