---
title: dmd — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «dmd» in the school dictionary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a rare illness, passed on in families and found mostly in boys, in which the muscles slowly get weaker. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dmd/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [D](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/) / dmd

# dmd

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** muscles, school, DMD, sign, Children · **What happens:** pass on, find, get, hold, run, raise · **To what, where:** rare illness, families, degree, USA, fun run, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«dmd» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [dmd in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/dmd.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a rare illness, passed on in families and found mostly in boys, in which the muscles slowly get weaker.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:m1:1
# text = Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a rare illness, passed on in families and found mostly in boys, in which the muscles slowly get weaker.
1	Duchenne	Duchenne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	muscular	muscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dystrophy	dystrophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
15	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
23	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
25	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass on** | participle |  | a rare illness *not said here* |  | families |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **find** | past |  |  |  |  |  | in boys; mostly *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **get** | present | the muscles |  |  |  |  | slowly, weak *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctor of Dental Medicine: a degree held by some dentists, especially in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:m2:1
# text = Doctor of Dental Medicine: a degree held by some dentists, especially in the USA.
1	Doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	Dental	dental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	Medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	degree	degree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	dentists	dentist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | participle |  | a degree *not said here* |  | the USA |  | by some dentists | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by dentist=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Other technical meanings, such as a part in some projectors (digital micromirror device).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:m3:1
# text = Other technical meanings, such as a part in some projectors (digital micromirror device).
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	meanings	meaning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	projectors	projector	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	digital	digital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	micromirror	micromirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school ran a fun run to raise money for DMD research.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:x1:1
# text = Our school ran a fun run to raise money for DMD research.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fun	fun	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	run	run	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	DMD	DMD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	research	research	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | Our school | a fun run |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme run=Trajectory |
| 2 | **raise** | to-infinitive | Our school *not said here* | money |  |  |  | for DMD research | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DMD makes the muscles grow weaker over time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:x2:1
# text = DMD makes the muscles grow weaker over time.
1	DMD	dmd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
6	weaker	weak	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | DMD |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the muscles |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign said «Dr Lee, DMD», so she was a dentist.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:x3:1
# text = The sign said «Dr Lee, DMD», so she was a dentist.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Dr	Dr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:desc	_	_
6	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	DMD	DMD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	dentist	dentist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | sign | a dentist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children with DMD may use a wheelchair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:x4:1
# text = Children with DMD may use a wheelchair.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	DMD	DMD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wheelchair	wheelchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | may | Children with DMD | a wheelchair |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheelchair=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
DMD is short for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:dmd:x5:1
# text = DMD is short for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
1	DMD	dmd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	Duchenne	Duchenne	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	muscular	muscular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dystrophy	dystrophy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | DMD |  |  |  |  | for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; short *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [dm](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dm/)
- next →: [dna](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/dna/)
- ↑ back to [D in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/D/)